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Showing posts with label Free Essays. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Free Essays. Show all posts

Thursday, July 22, 2021

Australian Culture in Fly Away Peter

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"Fly Away Peter" is a short novel written by David Malouf in 18, set in 114 in Queensland, Australia, where two young men, an Australian and an Englishman go to war and experience the horrors and misery of World War One. The book deals with various Australian cultures and identities which cover patriotism, war, and Australia-England relationships.


David Malouf brings his representation of patriotism in Australian culture to life in the early chapters of Fly Away Peter. His idea that Australia was a young but patriotic nation in 114, when the book was set, is seen when he introduces a minor character, a young girl in chapter 6, which in many ways, reflects the ordinary people within that society period. When she meets Jim in Brisbane in a shoe shop, she asks if Jim is going to join the army, and when Jim asks why, she passionately and patriotically says to Jim ‘If I was a man I'd want to be in it [War].'


At first, the strong patriotism of Australians seems to be shown in positive light in ‘Fly Away Peter', however in depth it seems that Malouf tries to create a negative view. His representation of patriotism shows how it can influence a person's life, and in this case it is the influence of Jim's decision whether to join up to fight the war. The girl's initial words, ‘I reckon you'll be joining up' is what plants ‘the seed of excitement' in Jim. On page 6, "When he stepped out….. beginning of a stampede" this passage indicates that something is going to happen in Jim's life. The patriotism that suddenly fills the streets of Brisbane affects Jim and persuades him to drop his passion for bird watching and go fight the war, which through the book the reader certainly knows will not suit his particular character. Malouf expresses negative concern and further enhances his view making references to the ‘slope' and ‘stampede' to indicate that Jim's decision is not totally under his individual control.


Malouf makes an accurate representation of the sort of atmosphere surrounding 114-118, and through historical sources it can be confirmed that the nation was indeed proud, patriotic, and perhaps even too patriotic. Looking at the extract taken from the Museum of Victoria of a letter written by the Senior Mistress of Ballarat High School in 115, "Every Australian womans heart this week is filling with pride, with exultation, …… Boys, you have honoured our land…", it is seen that the nation were so proud and joyous for those who went to represent Australia in the war. When ‘Fly Away Peter' was published, 18, the world was in the middle of seeing the Iran-Iraq War (180-188) being played out over border disputes and religious and political differences. Not only this but Australia and the world had just been through the Second World War (17-145). Through his book, Malouf is able to show how patriotism of a nation could have so much influence over a person's life, as to go to war and see the horrors and deaths caused by war. He is able to show a different perspective, a negative one, of the results of patriotism through the vivid imagery in his book, which intends to deter the people from entering another war at the time of the book publication.


Leading on from patriotism, the book revolves around the theme of war. It takes the Anzac culture of battles, young boys, and diseases in trenches, and weaves it into a different perspective of Australian Anzac culture. Malouf makes a graphic retelling of the war scenes through the eyes of two young men, Jim Sadler and Ashley Crowther, creating his own Anzac ‘myth'.


Malouf's recreation of new Anzac images reflects this aspect of Australian culture in a negative way. In the opening of chapter 1, the author already starts painting graphical images through his descriptive use of words. "The air, even at knee height, was deadly.. breathless .. his head numb with noise… scrambled… crawling, moving on their knees, squirming at corpse level" The extracts from the passages highlights the danger, grueling conditions, and harsh environments of war. The language used is able to give the reader the sense that the characters are caught in the middle of destruction and chaos. Malouf brings a morbid atmosphere in this chapter by using words such as ‘bellies burst, swollen, corpses, unburied etc', which enhances the readers imagination with a sickening gut feeling. Obviously, in this chapter, it is realized that it certainly does not reflect the Anzac battles as heroic or glorious, but rather as filthy and dangerous.


This negative representation of Australian's war culture is indeed accurate, because referring to statistics of the Gallipoli war, a total of 870 Australian soldiers lost their lives which include those who died in action, died of wounds, and those who died of disease. Malouf clearly depicts all these aspects in his negative view of our war culture, through the examples of soldiers blown apart on the battlefields, and the disturbing descriptions of the dirty trenches. Through his portrayal of our war culture, his message becomes clear even as the world moves into the 1st century. Malouf tries to say ‘no' to war, ‘no' to retaliation, ‘no' to violence, and looking at the example of September 11th's twin tower tragedy, his message in ‘Fly Away Peter' tells us to not engage in another war to retaliate, as this would lead once again to countless casualties.


Throughout ‘Fly Away Peter', there is an underlying cultural aspect that Malouf deals with, which is the relationships and ties between Australia and its mother country England. The bond between Australia and England is shown through the two protagonists, Jim Sadler and Ashley Crowther. Naïve and innocent Jim Sadler, is a stereotypical working class Australian youth, while Ashley Crowther is the Cambridge educated English gentlemen. Within the early chapters, Malouf already establishes the social class difference between the Jim and Ashley; Ashley is not only well educated, but shows he has an interest for the finer things in life in that he is a highly talented pianist and has an affection for waistcoats and watch chains.


It is possible to say that Malouf subtly accompanies negative connotation with the representation of the Australian-English ties through the two characters. Ashley Crowther is the wealthy land owner of the bird sanctuary, and employs Jim to work for him as a bird observer. This suggests slightly that an Australian is inferior to an Englishman. Furthermore, from the quote "They had always had in mind a picture they had brought from ‘home' page 11", Ashley Crowther constantly refers England as ‘home', and viewing Australia as a nation stemmed from England. And as a result other older Crowthers regard the Australian bush as alien, and presumably inferior to the English countryside.


Historically, Malouf's portrayal of Australians being a lower class is accurately represented. Australians originally were English convicts that were sentenced and sent to Australia as labourers. This is where the idea that Australians are a lower working class presumably comes from. This stereotype Australian idea has been present for a long time, and is evident in the society when the book was published (18). From a British satirical magazine ‘Private Eye', there are examples from the Barry McKenzie comic strip, which ran for years (16-18), lampooning the worst traits of an Aussie on the loose in Europe. This clearly shows how a lot of Europeans view Australians the way that is depicted subtly in ‘Fly Away Peter'. Another example which further shows the way society viewed Australians in 18, is in an extract from a book called ‘The Typical Australian' where it classifies Australians as barbaric, loud-mouthed, ignorant, uncultured, and hopelessly provincial. Although Malouf represents Australians in this way, both Jim and Ashley are able to work together and create a strong friendship despite different classes, which has intentions to show society that no matter what backgrounds people come from, people can work together if they share the same passion, and in this book it is the passion for birds.


In conclusion, David Malouf creates a new perspective of Australia's involvement in the war and relations with Europe, which is portrayed negatively. He presents the opinion that Australia should not ever take part in another war, and depicts of horrors and misery of the war as a deterrent.


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Monday, July 19, 2021

Cuban Economy

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Central-Planning policies applied on CubaThe centrally planning policy started in Cuba many years ago. When Fidel Castro in July of 15 started the revolution with Ernesto "Che" Guevara they started what in a few years will become a centrally planned country. This revolutions itself was an "attacked planned revolution" and for this we can see that the signs of a centrally planned system started to appear. In this investigations we will see the characteristics of Cuba when emerging as a socialist country with a very clear economic system and also the development of the main policies carried until now.When Fidel Castro assumed the leadership of the Revolutionary Government it was clear that a new socialist system was going to implanted in Cuba. The Revolutionary Government (15-16) confirmed the first signs of going towards a centrally planned system when their first action during their government was to redistribute much of the land and material wealth of the country. For many people in the lower class they was being seen a sign of improving but nevertheless the middle and upper classes suffer due to this new economic policy. Heavy subsidies and monetary injections from the Soviet Union led the Cuban people to experience a per capita average growth rate of .8%. Also more than .5 million acres once owned by United States investors were turned into large state-owned farms. With the nationalization, the nature of the Cuban economy was fundamentally altered. Today, Cuba continues to lag far behind the rest of Latin America in economic performance.A clear characteristic that tells us about the existence of the centrally planned system in Cuba were the first reforms that Castro applied during the revolutionary government. Most of them were quite successful due to the intervention of the USSR and the great strategy settled up by Castro. In economic terms, the first reform that shows us the centrally planned economy was to buy heavy machinery for the state ( this new technology was bought from the USSR) This new machinery helped the Cuban economy due to the dependence on the sugar production was reduced.


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Another sign of the centrally planned system were the following steps taken by the leader of the Cuba. After buying new machinery, in course of the years 160 and 161 he nationalized foreign enterprises. Although he offered long terms bonds in return he didn't respect the human right of ownership (a clear sign of the idea that the government should be the organizer of the economy) After sometime this brought problems with the United States of America due to many American sugar mills were also nationalized.In April of 161, Castro announced that the revolution was officially a socialist one. Then he took the model of the Soviet Union to be applied it into Cuba. Castro shows us that he applied a centrally planned economy due to he first started a heavy national educational program which involve giving free education for all the potential students in Cuba ( the majority of the Curriculum was analyzed by the government) Also in the year 16 he improved the health system in Cuba and increased the quality of life of the lower classes at that time. Another sign that shows us the centrally planned system in Cuba was its relation to the United States of America. As usual this two economical system were confronted because of the different characteristics of their economies. President Kennedy (after a failed invasion to Cuba) got a lot popularity for taking a "strong stand against Communism" . In the other hand the international relations that Cuba had with other communist system are also a prove that this system was applied in this country. Castro improved the relations with China (also a centrally planned country) and therefore adopted many of the reforms that were applied by the Chinese government in that country.In the mid 160 Cuba increased it sugar production by the reform of the government that decided to set up an specific target. As any other centrally planned country, Cuba set up its target and the sugar production increase to 8.5 tons in 170. (! The highest level of production Cuba had ever attempted was 6. tons in 15) Because of this Cuba started to assume a leadership role among Third World countries. Other characteristics of the Cuban economy that can show us the centrally planned systems are the way in which Castro reformed the centrally planned economy in the 170s. He noticed that the Cuban economy was weak and decide to look up for improvements in the centrally planned economy. The signs of this improvements in the economy are when decided to direct the system to the masses. As in any centrally planned economy the population was brought into a more important level. Castro emphasized the incentives to the workers and introduced practical ideas such as giving memberships to the population to form part of "government-controlled mass organizations". During these year Castro stretched his relations with the Soviet block and this help him to improved the economy by reducing the shortages in the markets.Castro showed a lot of preoccupation for the educations of the children towards building into them socialist values. He encouraged many policies to build up new schools and published books that focused on the loyalty towards the revolution. Despite this, in the 180, Castro decide to open a little bit and experiment with economic liberalism. This is going to start a slow transition to a mixture of a centrally planned economy and a free market one.In the 10's , after the dissolution of the USSR and the unfavorable policy against Cuba settled up by Bush , Castro knew that he had to set up really hard centrally planned policies if he wanted to maintain the Cuban economy in good conditions. He applied many restrictions towards food, energy and public services ( main characteristics in a centrally planned country). Moreover he added a little of economic liberalism in the economy by re-opening the enterprise of tourism and also the international trade between the state-controlled enterprises. Despite the good intentions of this measures they didn't work and resentment started to growth against the government. (usual consequence if the other economic factors aren't considered in a centrally planned economy) ()By 15, the Cuban economy had begun a process of recovery but I has been un-even and the economy has not returned to the pre-crisis level. Cuba's economy has suffered due to the economic slowdown of 001. Castro has said that in order to strengthen again the Cuba's economy human development has to be emphasized , expanding and diversifying exports should also be carried out. In conclusion , we can see that Cuba is a very clear example of how the centrally planned economy is carried out. We can see that the government itself it's the one that manages all the resources and impose laws. Fidel Castro's government had had many advantages for the Cuban economy but as we have seen after loosing the support of the Soviet Union he had to introduce some liberalism to the economy. Despite this we could say that the economic system right now in Cuba is a mixed one. Another conclusion that we can arrive is that a centrally planned economy suffers a lot if others factors in the economy of other countries change drastically as in the economic slowdown of 001.Eye contact posture, don't do distracting movementsGestures (make them smooth)The use of the voice volume, inflexion, vary the speedEnthusiasm liveliness, meaning what you are saying, you got to be interested in the topicsConfidence and Self- Control Learning how to write a good lab report is like learning to ride a bike. Once you've figured it out, you can do it over and over again. Writing good lab reports is very important in IB as they make out a big part of your final grades in the science subjects. The key to writing a good lab report is to find out what is asked for and include all those parts in your report. Here are some steps to follow


Introduction1. First you should give the aim of the investigation. It should be clear and concise. If the teacher states the aim you shouldn't just copy that down, you need to change it to get a full score.


. Second, you need to write the hypothesis and prediction of the investigation. The hypothesis needs to be very clear, giving an exact and complete description of what might happen (and why). The prediction is written like If …then…


. You can also give a general background to the study if you feel like it's relevant and necessary. Organization Beginning , developmet and conclusionConclusion should summarized all the point you have made in the speech(try to finish with a climax)


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Thursday, July 15, 2021

Timmy

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The University of Florida was established in 106. In 185 the state had funded the East Florida Seminary and took over the Kingsbury Academy in Ocala. They then moved the Seminary to Gainesville in the 1860's. It was later consolidated with the state's land grant, Florida Agricultural College then they moved it to Lake city. Then in 105 by the legislative actions they took the college had became a university. That is when it changed to the University of Florida. The classes had started out with around 10 students on the campus on September 6, 106. The University had finally opened its doors to the women in 147. So up to that date the college had been strictly boy men. With more than 46,000 students now, UF is one of the top five largest Universities in the nation.


In the year of 001 the enrollment list counted up to 46,515 students. That count included 40,4 in-state students that strolled in for all around in Florida. There were ,700 international students representing 100 different countries. There were the other remaining students coming in from the other 4 states. The ratio between the women and men was 548. About 7 percent of the enrolled students were undergraduates. 1 percent were graduates and the other 7 percent were in professional degree programs. Those programs had included (dentistry, law, medicine, pharmacy, and veterinary medicine.) 7. percent of the student population is African American students, .6 is Hispanic student and about 6.8 percent is Asian/American or Pacific Islander students.In 11, Hitler moved to Munich, and when the war began volunteered in a Bavarian regiment, earning the rank of Corporal and awarded the Iron Cross. After the war, Hitler was a member of the Freikorps, and in 11 joined the German Workers party that would become the NSDAP or Nazi party.


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In 1, Hitler with Ernst Roehm who had formed the paramilitary SA brownshirts in the Nazi Party, sought to take over the Bavaria government in the Beer Hall Putsch of Nov. 8-, but failed and Hitler served months in prison where he wrote Mein Kampf (My Struggle dictated to Rudolph Hess) that emphasized antisemitism and the expansion of German living space. In 15, Hitler seized leadership of a reorganized and newly-legalized National Socialist German Workers Party. In 1 Hitler led a political campaign against the Young Plan of reparations payments. In the May 5 elections of 1, Hindenburg defeated Hitler 5% to 7% for the presidency, but there was no majority in the Reichstag for any party; in the July1 elections the Nazis won 0 seats with 7% of the vote and became the largest German party, but dropped to % in the Nov. 6 elections; Dec. 1, Kurt von Schleicher replaced Franz von Papen as Chancellor but instability increased. Hitler made Chancellor Jan. 0, 1, with the help of von Papen, and sought revision of Versailles system by immediately beginning a rearmament program with the support of industrialists such as Alfred Hugenberg and Gustav Krupp (who by April agreed to remove Jewish workers from his factories), and a public works program announced at the Feb. 11 International Automobile and Motor-Cycle Exhibition in Berlin, to build autobahns with 600,000 workers and make a Volksauto for less than 1000 marks. In the March 5, 1 elections, the National Socialist German Workers Party won 4.% and 88 of 647 seats in the Reichstag. The Malicious Practices Act of March 1, 1, began the mass arrests of communists and socialists, the Dauchau concentration camp was set up March in a former powder milk plant, the Enabling Act March made Hitler dictator and eliminated other parties such as the pro-Catholic Zentrum, radical books were burned May 10. On Sept. 7, 1, the Nazis blamed communists for the Reichstag fire.On Oct. 14, 1 - Hitler withdrew from the League of Nations and the Geneva Disarmament conference. On Jan. 6, 14, Hitler revealed to a shocked Europe a 10-year nonaggression pact with Poland. On June 0, 14, the Night of the Long Knives, Hitler murdered Ernst Rohm and began to eliminate the SA, replacing the old Nazi party brownshirts with Heinrich Himmlers SS and Reinhard Heydrichs SD as state internal security forces. On August , 14, Hindenburg died and Hitler became Supreme Commander of the armed forces. On March 1, 15, the Saarland was officially reincorporated into Germany following the plebiscite vote Jan. 1 of 1% in favor. In March 15 Hitler revealed to Europe his military programs, on Mar. 10 Goering announced the existence of the Luftwaffe, on March 16 Hitler announced conscription and a 6-division Wehrmacht, on March 17 proclaimed Heroes Memorial Day as the Beethoven Funeral March was played in the Berlin State Opera House. On April 11, 15, England, France, Italy declared a Stresa Front to defend the boundary agreements of the Locarno Pact of 15, but was toothless. On May , 15, a Franco-Russian alliance was signed to defend against a resurgent Germany. On June 18, 15, the new British government led by recently-elected PM Stanly Baldwin and Foreign Minister Samuel Hoare, preferring negotiation rather than confrontation, signed the Anglo-German Naval Agreement to allow the German navy parity at 5% of British navy. On Sept. 10, 15, the annual Nazi party rally began at Nuremberg, featuring the first public display of the Wehrmacht, the announcement of the Flag Law replacing the Kaisers black-red-white horizontal striped flag with the swastika as the nations official symbol, and the announcement of the antisemitic Nuremberg Laws. On March 7, 16, the first German troops crossed the Hohenzollern Bridge in Cologne as Hitler was addressing the Reichstag, and began reoccupation of Rhineland, marking according to Ian Kershaw, the transition in Hitler from Hubris to Nemesis.Ethiopia invaded by Mussolini Mussolini 16 Hailie Selassie, Emperor of Ethiopiafrom ILN 141/0/01 Mussolini and League cartoonfrom Fortune, 16 FDR FDR Ethiopia map 14 - bg Italy map from ILN 140/06/15 Europe map 10- - bg Mediterranean from ILN 141/04/1 - b - top - bott map of The Levant Battleground of the Empire Today from ILN 140/11/16 - LS - bgItaly lost its Ethiopia colony in Africa at 186 Battle of Adua · one of the worst colonial disasters of modern history · 5,000 Italians defeated by 100,000 Ethiopians under Menelek who had accepted an Italian protectorate in 188 Treaty of Ucciali to become king. On Dec. 5, 14, a skirmish at Wal Wal (Ualval) involving an Italian garrison 80 miles inside the Ethiopian border was used by Mussolini as a pretext for demanding compensation and preparing for war. Jan. , 15 - Hailie Selassie appeals to League· Mike Cutris Hailie Selassie and Boom Shakas Selassie archiveJan. 7 - Laval agreement with Mussolini - gives him Ethiopia in violation of 106 Anglo-French agreement excluding Italy from Ethiopia Feb. - Italy sends large forces to Ethiopia - only mild protest by Stresa Front June - Anthony Eden, British minister for League Affairs · tries to negotiate with Mussolini but failsOct. , 15, Mussolini ordered the bombing of Adowa by planes and the beginning of the invasion of Ethiopia by Marshal Badoglio Oct. who was authorized to use poison mustard gas and destroy civilian villages. Oct. 5 - FDR invoked Act in Ethiopian conflict, but followed middle-road course· kept separate from League - no strategic materials or oil on embargo list· urged moral embargo on all trade with Italy, but U.S. exports to Italy increased Oct. 7 - League declaredItaly the aggressor Nov. 14 - Tories won Brit election on platform of League sanctions against Ital. aggression Nov. 18 - Leagues sanctions begin · arms embargo, financial embargo, nonimportation of Ital. goods Dec. 10 - secret Hoare-Laval agreement revealed in press · Pierre Laval - swarthy French PM · Samuel Hoare - Brit foreign secy under PM Stanley Baldwin · (Anthony Eden became foreign secy in 17 with PM Neville Chamberlain) Dec. - England concentrated navy at Alexadria - but poorly prepared · England allowedItaly to use Suez Canal Feb. 16 - League could not agree on critical oil sanctions · mainly because FDR refused - U.S. controlled 50% world oil trade Feb. 1 - Senate For. Rel. Comm. approved Thomas 14-month extension bill · not Pittman-McReynolds discretionary bill· not Nye-Clark-Maverick mandatory total trade restriction billFeb. - FDR signed Thomas bill - the 16 Neutrality Act1. mandatory arms embargo with belligerents and new belligerents entering a war in progress. discretionary travel restriction. mandatory ban on loans to belligerents but short-term credits exempt4. American Republics exemptMar. -Apr. 8 - FDR went on Bahama cruise May 5 - Italy occupied Addis Ababa - annexed all Ethiopia May


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Friday, July 9, 2021

Why I live where I live

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The sun glistens off of my skin as I stand out among tall trees, blue skies, and the magnificent Blue Ridge Mountains. Above me in the trees I see different arrays of birds in every shape and color. Their songs are melodious as they chirp and sing to their little heart's content. There is nothing around me but God's great creation the fabulous fields, the remarkable rivers, and the picturesque plants. The wind breezes by me as it gently blows in my hair. The sweet scent of honeysuckles that are at the edge of the immense woods, tint the air beneath my nose. Butterflies and bees fly around aimlessly in the cool crisp air as I sit here in the middle of this astonishing creation. This is my home, at the foot of the Blue Ridge Mountains.


It's a great getaway from the life of the city. It sure is nothing like it. There are tall, rolling hills instead of skyscrapers, long country roads instead of six lane super-highways, and serenity the best quality of them all. Nothing compares to the life of good ol' Carroll County, Virginia. There is nothing that the city can do to take my mind off of that spectacular place. It will always be known in my heart as my home. Although I thought that I'd never hear myself say this, I really do miss the peace and quiet of my home back in the foothills. The big city life is just too much hustle and bustle for me. I'd rather just sit out on the front porch of my house and gaze at the wondrous beauty that God has laid before me.


Rising in great rows of emerald green and sapphire blue, the mountains form grand peaks, each resembling a mound of settling sands found in the bottom of an hourglass, they bow graciously, in witness to the testimony of time. Mountain summits, lush valleys, ragging white waters, pristine lakes, hidden waterfalls, wildflowers, hard wood forests, and wildlife are the essence of the Blue Ridge province. The magic of these mountains is all around....from our majestic mountain peaks soaring over 4000 feet, to the crystal clear waters of Lake Blue Ridge, the Toccoa River or the babbling trout streams, to the clean mountain air, abundant wildlife and the mountain people with their warm Southern hospitality. The magic of these mountains really captivate my spirit.


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These natural wonders have a majestic appeal, captivating the mind with their presence. These mountains changed from a Native American culture to a Pioneer culture, becoming populated by the descendants of Northern Europeans, especially the Scots, thus the name the Highlands. The Pioneers brought with them old world culture and traditions that melded into a mountain culture, unique to this Appalachian Mountain region. In the later part of the 0th century, a new influx of people has migrated into this region. Tourism awakened the outer world with tales of the beauty and wonders. For nearly two hundred years, the mountain culture has held dominance over this region, and unfortunately this way of life is disappearing. People from across the country and around the world are reclaiming these mountains at a rate never seen before. Today we see a new breed of visitors who have decided to stay, retirees, families escaping the cities and entrepreneurs ready to service the growing communities.Visitors may enjoy many things along the huge span of the Blue Ridge. Attractions and activities found along these mountains may include cabin rentals, bed & breakfasts, resorts, marinas, fly fishing, horseback riding, whitewater rafting, restaurants, art galleries, antique shops, real estate, log homes, events & festivals, and much, much more. There are so many things to do while in the Blue Ridge Mountains, but the thing I like to do most of all is nothing. Yes, I said nothing. There is nothing more relaxing than a nice day out in the yard just sitting and doing…well…absolutely nothing. That is the whole wonder of life in the mountains. There is actually time and a place to sit around and just contemplate. Enjoy the birds in the trees, the picturesque landscape, and the joy that you get just looking at the world around you. Another thing I don't have to worry too much about back home is the crime. There is such a big difference in the crime rate here in Richmond and the crime rate back home in Carroll County. It's a place where everyone is not afraid to leave their car doors unlocked, especially in their own driveways, or even they're houses unlocked while they walk to the nearest produce stand for some of the local home grown apples, peaches, corn, and other foods indigenous to the area. I absolutely love the feeling of security. One really doesn't have to worry about getting mugged on the street after dark or anything. Another great thing about the beauty of the Blue Ridge Mountains is the Blue Ridge Parkway. I live only about ten minutes from this long beautiful stretch of road. It scales through Virginia on its way out into the great unknown. Time passes slowly through the ancient hills and smoky hollows of the Blue Ridge Mountains. The thin seam that separates yesterday from today becomes obscure as you travel this winding mountain road known as the Blue Ridge Parkway. Invisible walls exist along the ancient trails and dusty side roads. Boundaries, when passed through, may thrust you into other dimensions - suspended somewhere in time. This is a place of final retreat. The last stand of legends and myths, and forgotten memories that's energy remains floating with the mist.The Blue Ridge Parkway extends 46 miles along the crests of the Southern Appalachians and links two eastern national parks--Shenandoah and Great Smoky Mountains, crossing the North Carolina and Virginia state line at mile 16.. The 174 party that surveyed the boundary included Peter Jefferson; father of Thomas The parkway follows the Appalachian Mountain chain and provides seemingly endless views of many parallel ranges connected by cross ranges and scattered hills. From Shenandoah National Park the parkway follows the Blue Ridge, eastern rampart of the Appalachians, for 55 miles. Then, for the remaining 114 miles, it skirts the southern end of the massive Black Mountains, named for the dark green spruce and fir that cover them, weaves through the Craggies, the Pisgahs, the Balsams, and ends in the Great Smokies. Trees, trees, trees are nearly everywhere. And come fall, many of them burst into color. Dogwood, sourwood, and blackgum turn deep red in late September. Tulip-trees and hickories turn bright yellow, sassafras a vivid orange, and red maples add their multi-colored brilliance. Finally various oaks put on a dash of russet and maroon. Evergreen trees include Virginia pine, white pine, hemlock, spruce and fir.Flowering shrubs put on a springtime snow that rivals the display of trees in fall. Because of the range in elevation from 64 to 6,047 feet, peak blooming occurs at different times and places--somewhat earlier in Virginia than North Carolina. Flame azalea is at its best south of Roanoke to Rocky Knob about mid-May and in the high mountains west of Asheville about mid-June. Mountain laurel blooms along Otter Creek in mid-May and elsewhere on the parkway in the first two weeks of June. Dense thickets of catawba rhododendron turn purple north of Peaks of Otter to Onion Mountain and along the bluffs of Doughton Park the first week of June and in Craggy Gardens and through the Balsams after mid-June. Various wildflowers begin to bloom in April and continue into fall. Wildlife is also a delight to see along the parkway. When the sun is high, groundhogs sit erect and chipmunks and squirrels chitter and chatter. At night, skunks, bobcats, foxes, opossums, and raccoons may be seen along the roadsides. Whitetail deer and black bears are present but seldom seen Look for them in the early morning or evening. More than 100 bird species can be seen during the spring migration season. The stories of the independent mountain people are told at many overlooks and facilities along the parkway, including Humpback Rocks, Peaks of Otter, Mabry Mill, Brinegar Cabin, Northwest Trading Post, and the Parkway Craft Center at Moses Cone Memorial Park. In the Asheville area, be sure to stop at the Folk Art Center for craft demonstrations and for general parkway information and trip planning.This is what I look forward to each time I come home. It's also one of the many reasons why it's so hard to come back every time. The majestic beauty of the Blue Ridge Mountains, especially in Carroll County, Virginia is really a splendor among all others. Sometimes I even wonder why I left such a spectacular area in the first place.


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Wednesday, July 7, 2021

A Rose for Emily

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In one respect, I tend to agree with Fetterley and Rogers interpretation of Emily's triumph over the endless pounding of patriarchy in William Faulkners "A Rose for Emily". I find myself stuck in a similar situation; like Emily, I perceive a patriarchal situation by trying to pen what I believe my instructor wants me to write. I have avoided writing a paper on this very story by dropping two previous classes that assigned a critical paper for this short fiction. I am repulsed by the very thought that this short fiction can be classified as creditable literature. I have decided against my usual course of action and choose to write what I feel concerning this short fiction regardless of the outcome. It seems I will never finish my education at Antelope Valley Community College without addressing this repulsive story.Faulkner beautifully illustrates the morbid parallelism between Emily's father and the house that imprisoned her. Both were controlled and manipulated by the very being that would eventually destroy them. Faulkner strategically places the home of the Grierson's, on what was once consider a prestigious street in the crumbling, overcrowded town of Jefferson. Here, both monuments of the past are forced to maintain a dignified façade of sanity among an ever-changing society. There are two interpretations to be made in understanding the motive and meaning behind Emily murdering Homer Barron, in "A Rose for Emily". The first motive deals with the personal revenge Emily seeks towards her father, the second being towards the town of Jefferson who scrutinized her and critically analyzed everything she did. The death of Emily's father set in motion a diabolically evil scheme to seek the ultimate revenge on the patriarchal society of Jefferson, which controlled and ultimately claimed her sanity. Her revenge began with her father whom she hated for denying her the privilege of having a normal and successful woman's life. Emily's hatred began to fester within the depths of her soul as a young child, dominated by a father who concluded that no male figure was good enough to inherit the status of courting or marrying a Grierson. Emily became emotionally tormented by the very thought of being a spinster and having no other male figure to love, besides her controlling father. The growing resentment continued as she became older and perspective suitor's appeared at the front door, ultimately to be chased away with a horsewhip. "Although the violence is apparently outward-the upraised horsewhip against the would be suitor- the real object of it is the woman-daughter, forced into the background and dominated by the phallic figure of the spraddled father whose back is turned on her and who prevents her from getting out at the same time that he prevents them, suitors, from getting in." (Pp 560). Emily was a caged animal, imprisoned by her controlling father, in a circus whose master manipulates all of the animals' movements, emotions, and physical appearance by a carefully illustrated system of rewards and punishments. Emily's' rewards, according to her father, was that she be portrayed to the towns people as "a slender figure in white" too pure for the stains of any human being to corrupt what he, the father, masterfully created. Emily's' punishment was that she would eventually be revered as an untouchable figure whose every action or movement would be analyzed by the town of Jefferson.


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It wasn't until that fateful day, the death of her father, when Emily was finally able to outwardly express her revenge upon the very first male who suppressed her emotionally and physically, by not giving him the proper burial a Grierson deserved. Instead, she was able to experience, first hand, the feeling of triumph over watching her so-called beloved father rot before her very eyes, the sweet revenge of a twisted character. Emily cleverly denied to the town's people that her father died in order to secretly express her future intention of revenge towards the town of Jefferson by not letting them, the residents, immediately dispose of his decrypted and decaying body. " She told them that her father was not dead. She did that for three days, with the minister calling on her, and the doctors, trying to persuade her to let them dispose of the body. Just as they were about to resort to law and force, she broke down, and they buried her father quickly."(Par. 7) "Because she is Miss Emily Grierson, the town invests her with that communal significance which makes her the object of their obsession and subject of their incessant scrutiny...the town is able to impose a particular code of behavior and to see her in failure to live up to that code an excuse for interfering in her life." (Pp.560) The result of the towns interfering adds fuel to her fire to seek the revenge for interfering in her life and being so critical of every movement that she makes.The most significant diabolically evil plan Emily sought was the revenge on the patriarchy society of Jefferson, which no one would be able to comprehend the magnitude of the murder of Homer Barron. After the death of her father, the townsmen felt pity for her and claimed that leaving her the decrypted, decaying housing structure was a way of knocking her off the pedestal and becoming more humanized. The patriarchal society outwardly expressed their need to watch over and care for the lonely spinster who they concluded incapable of providing for her financially. Colonel Satoris, the eldest patriarch of Jefferson, fabricated a story to justify why the town remitted her taxes, claiming that it was from a financial loan her father provided for the town many years ago.


The motive for the murder of Homer Barron was for Emily, on her deathbed, to gain the last laugh at a town who scrutinized and critiqued her yet never came to understand why she acted and lived as she did. Another motive for the murder of Homer Barron was to prove to the patriarchal society of Jefferson that even though she, Emily, could not " persuade him to marry her" (Pp. 55) due to his perversions, she may still succeed in controlling Homer if her were dead. No one would be able to take that secret love she had for Homer away even though he would never reciprocate it t the same way because of his alternative lifestyle. Homo Homer was an embarrassment to Emily, because for the first time ever she was free love some one, and he turned out to love young men more than women. This humanizes Emily even more and in turn it helps explode the decades of manipulation and control she receive at the hands of her father. She had a perfect plan; no one in the town of Jefferson would ever believe that Emily, being a real lady " to forget noblesse obligewithout calling it noblesse oblige" (Pp. 55). "Emily is exempted from general indictment because she is a real lady-that is, eccentric, slightly crazy, obsolete, a "stubborn and coquettish decay", absurd but indulged; "dear, inescapable, impervious, tranquil, and perverse"; indeed, anything and everything but human." (Pp.561). Who would believe she would have murdered some one in order to have their love. "A Rose for Emily" is taken from a morbidly crepitated point of view where an author obviously is hiding many deep dark secrets within his past without bluntly coming out and exposing it to the rest of society. Faulkner disguises his own tragedies from his past through the story to give himself a sense of personal release from his own personal bondage. "A Rose for Emily" is utilized as a cleaver way for William Faulkner to disguise his own slide from sanity.This short fiction falls very short of what good literature should be. Good literature follows a plot that is easily and logically understood by the reader and does not find it necessary to jump from past, recent past, to future, and in-between to make the story interesting. Good literature has a distinctive purpose; keeping the reader glued to the pages in-between the cover, keeping the reader interested in other genres of literature to enhance their interest in the wealth of written knowledge. Good literature expands the imagination by allowing the reader to see the world around them in new ways other than the norm, which does not necessarily mean making them sick from a morbid point of view. Good literature does not leave the reader with an upset stomach and a disgusting taste in their mouth for all literature. Thankfully, Vicodin and Motrin 800 have helped me make it through this short fiction paper. Work CitedFauklner, William. "A Rose for Emily." The Norton Introduction to Literature 8 Edition. New York W.W. Norton & Co.001. 51-58.Fetterly, Judith. "A Rose, ‘ A Rose for Emily.' " The Norton Introduction to Literature 8 Edition. New York W.W. Norton & Co 001. 558-564.Please note that this sample paper on A Rose for Emily is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on A Rose for Emily, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on A Rose for Emily will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.


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Friday, July 2, 2021

Brazil's current conditions

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Brazils Current Conditions


Table of Contents


1. Introduction


. Current Conditions


GDP


Unemployment


Inflation


Exchange Rates


. Causes of Current Conditions


Debt


Stabilization and Reform


The Real Plan


4. The future


Projections


5. Conclusion


6. Bibliography


Introduction


The purpose of this paper is to analyze Brazils current economic conditions using statistical data, economic theory, and implemented government policies. We intend to discuss the current condition of Brazils economy, the causes for its current condition and future projections.


In the early 180s, Brazil had an emerging economy that looked strong and promising. However, looks can be deceiving and they were, for Brazil has failed to become economically strong.


Under a military regime in the 160s, Brazil had a built-in Real depreciation effect. This allowed Brazil to control inflation successfully. However, the oil shocks of the 170s led to a debt crises, extreme inflation and stagnation. In the wake of the debt crisis, many attempts made to stop inflation have failed. Most of the plans introduced new money and higher bouts of inflation followed each of them.


The current plan called, the Real Plan is struggling to accomplish what the other plans have failed to dostop inflation. The Real Plan has, been a major success in decreasing inflation, and increasing economic activity. Although in 00 it failed to meet its targeted goals due to the confidence crisis and global risk aversion.


Current Conditions


GDP


Years GDP growth per capital Year GDP Annual Growth in %


165-7 5. 1 -0.


180- 0. 1 4.5


11-01 1.5 14 6.


000 .1 15 4.


001 0. 16 .5


001-05 1.6 17 .1


18 0.1


1 0.7


000 4.4


001 1.5


00 1.5


00 .8


Source International Monetary Fund


Unemployment


Year Unemployment Rate


1 5.68


1 5.1


14 5.06


15 4.66


16 5.4


17 5.66


18 7.60


1 6.0


000 7.0


001 6.0


00 7.10


Sources ILO. Panorama Laboral, IBGE/PME



Inflation


Years Inflation%


165-7 0.0


180- 4


1 114


1 48


14


15 .0


16 .1


17 4.


18 .5


1 8.4


000 7.0


001 6.8


00 8.4


00f 14.0


004f 5.5


Source International Monetary Fund


Exchange Rates


Year Exchange Rate


15 0.8440


16 0.71


17 1.040


18 1.117


1 1.0


000 1.810


001 1.410


00 .610


00 .00


All rates given for the month of Jan with US$ as the base


Source Federal Reserve Bank of New York


Causes of Current Conditions


Debt


Brazil was a major importer of oil when the oil shocks of the 170s took place. Domestic price increases for oil did not come at the same time as the external deficits caused by the higher prices. The lack of adjustment led Brazil to finance, using the debt market. After the first oil shock, Brazil might have had a chance to recover. However, when the second oil shock hit the damage became long term as Brazil went farther into debt. With full domestic indexation of wages and the exchange rate, oil price increases became wage increases. The wage increases turned into another and higher round of price inflation. This effect seen by using the wage-setting and price-setting curves, shows that the higher the markup, the lower the real wage will be, implied by price-setting. The graph below shows the lower price-setting line and the adjustment of the wage setting line.


P = Pe ( 1 + µ ) F ( 1 Y / L , z )


Using the AS/AD model, we can follow the order of events. The increase in the price of oil, the markup, will lead firms to increase their prices, leading to an increase in the price level, P, at any level of output, Y. This causes the aggregate supply curve to shift up. The aggregate demand curve may shift as a result. The higher price of oil may lead firms to change investment plans. The increase in the price of oil also redistributes income from oil buyers to oil producers. Some of these effects will shift the aggregate demand curve to the right and some will shift it to the left. To simplify our example we have made the effects cancel each other out, thus the aggregate demand curve does not move. The graph below shows the moves up of the AS curve and it shows how the AD curve will adjust so that it returns to its natural state.


Stabilization and Reform


Plan after plan has been implemented to stop inflation. Unfortunately, another round of increasingly worse inflation has followed each plan. Most of the plans introduced new money and all of the plans had a name Cruzado, Cruzado II, Plan Bresser, Summer Plan, Collor Plan, Collor II, and finally the Real Plan, which is currently in place.


The Real Plan


Of all plans attempted, the most successful economic stabilization program is known as the Real Plan.


The Real Plan was established to attain


1. "Deindexation" of the economy through the use of the URV


. A gradual approach to the monetary reform;


. Appreciation of the currency.


The main concern of the plan is to deal with Brazil's problem with high inflation. The Real Plan was put into use in 14. The plan was first to deal with factors causing a strong indexation, leading to ongoing inflation. The Real, was introduced as a new currency to discourage inflation. No use of price controls or price freezing, were needed The real plan used a combination of domestic, monetary anchors with external ones. The monetary anchors were influenced by higher interest rates and appreciated exchange rates.in conjunction with the Real Plan, which is in contrast with previous failed plans. A gradual depreciation of the currency was used to stimulate economic activity. At the launch of the real plan interest rates dropped to %! Interest rates have continued to stay below 10% since 16. This reduction of interest rates has expanded economic activity.


In 00 problems have occurred in the domestic financial market, public debt management, and a steep decrease in foreign credit flows. These problems are associated with the confidence crisis. This has negatively affected the inflation and the level of activity. The shock of the confidence crisis was felt much larger than expected by Brazil.


Graph Exchange rate depreciation and Inflation in 00(will have Ryan do)


To overcome this shock the goal of the monetary policy in 00 is to continue a path back to that of the previously given, Real Plan, but adjusting the targeted goals over a longer period of time..


To maintain this plan in the future, objectives for the Real Plan include inflation on a downward trend, long-term sustainable growth in output, investment, and employment and productivity, and a steady and substantial reduction of social imbalances.


The Future


Brady Bonds


To better Brazil's current and future debt Brady bonds are being used. Brady bonds are a system of dept relief by swapping old loans for new loans. The Brady Plan was introduced in 18 by Nicholas Brady. The plan consisted of asking banks to forgive part of their loans to debtor countries in return for limited guarantees of repayment. These would be financed by the World Bank and the IMF. To partake in this, debtors would be required to participate in policies favoring private investment. Brazil's Central Bank was involved in the Brady plan. In 001 they found $18. billion in outstanding bonds that would be eligible for the swap. These new loans would mature in 04.


IMF


In 18 Brazil was handed $41.5 billion as a life-preserver. They failed to use this money to the best of their advantage causing a confidence crisis. In August 00, Brazil was given $0 billion from the IMF to get them back on their feet and improve confidence in the markets. This is the last of the money the IMF said they would give Brazil until they can take control and stabilize themselves. To exercise future use of the IMF stabilization needs to occur in the areas of inconsistent currency management, accounting and reserve management, and poor debt management.


Projections


Conclusion


Bibliography


Please note that this sample paper on Brazil's current conditions is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Brazil's current conditions, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on Brazil's current conditions will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.


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Monday, June 28, 2021

Hamlet and the Human Psyche

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Shakespeare's Hamlet can be seen as an exploration of the human psyche in the consequences our actions have when acted on out of impulse and emotion rather than careful deliberation. Hamlet the character makes most of his decisions on the spot but has trouble deciding one way or another after thorough consideration. Many of the decisions he does make have implications that result in dire consequences for him and other characters in the play.


The character Hamlet's actions are driven by his emotion, but usually thinks rationally, before making decisions on how to act. Throughout the play, we see Hamlet faced with unimaginable stress and decisions to make but is able to think pragmatically and follow his conscience. He debates how he can do the right thing, yet avenge the terrors inflicted on his father. However, it is when Hamlet acts spontaneously that his decisions and actions seem reckless and negligent.


Many critics through the years have debated about Hamlet's emotions none more so than T. S. Eliot. In his essay, Hamlet and His Problems he argued that Shakespeare was unable to express the feelings Hamlet felt because Shakespeare himself did not understand them. Eliot believes Shakespeare did not use ‘objective correlative' which is a series of events or objects that rouse a specific emotion of a character. According to Eliot, the play is interpreted emotionally in different ways because Shakespeare did not know how to properly express the emotion of Hamlet. This however, neglects the fact that Hamlet acts mainly out of emotion and passion.


Hamlet's emotions throughout the play are often difficult to determine. During his soliloquies, the audience is somewhat informed of Hamlet's inner struggles and problems yet some of his actions seem rather contrasted to what he has been saying in his soliloquies. Hamlet is dominantly seen as being very melancholy since learning about his father's death, greatly troubled by the incestuous behaviour of his mother and enraged at the gall of his uncle.


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However, as the play progresses, Hamlet tells Horatio and the audience that he is feigning madness and this line between acting mad and being genuinely insane is somewhat indistinct. This makes it difficult for the audience to effectively decipher the true feelings of the protagonist as we are unsure of Hamlet's madness and the fact he tries to hide his true emotion through this supposed madness.


Eliot in his critical essay, Hamlet and hid Problems, believes Hamlet's madness is rather a "form of emotional relief" which Shakespeare "cannot express in art." Eliot believes the madness of Hamlet is not a way in which Hamlet is able investigate the truth to the murder of his father and the revenge on his uncle but because there is no other way Shakespeare can express the desired effect of Hamlet's emotion. Through his soliloquies we hear of his dilemmas and the way he feels, not knowing what is ahead of him. His emotions are expressed as the reader is taken into the protagonist's mind in the soliloquies and the audience hears of his indecision and uncertainty


HAMLET "Yet I, A dull and muddy-mettled rascal, peak,Like John-a-dreams, unpregnant of my cause,And can say nothing; no, not for a king, Upon whose property and most dear lifeA damnd defeat was made. Am I a coward?"


This is part of Hamlet's second soliloquy and he makes mention of his inability to act on his father's wishes. He is "unpregnant of his cause," that is, unable to act quickly on his call. He later likens himself to a coward. This is all because Hamlet as a character can not be sure of the ghost's intentions and realises this as he goes through it in his mind.


In contrast to this, Hamlet is unable to altogether think logically when faced by the antagonist. Instead, his thoughts and actions are hasty and irrational. Here, Hamlet finds another reason to prolong his action, as he does not want to kill his uncle when his soul is cleanHAMLET And now Ill dot. And so he goes to heaven;And so am I revenged. That would be scanndA villain kills my father; and for that,I, his sole son, do this same villain sendTo heaven.


Hamlet has surpassed the idea simply having to know the facts of the murder that took place, but now feels the need to know the metaphysical details too before he acts. This can be seen as Hamlet not really wanting to go through with the murder as it is against his better judgement yet feels he is obliged to act on his father's demand of wergild.


In the very next scene, however, we see Hamlet act differently to what the audience has seen him say and think by killing in hot-blood who he thinks to be the king. Here, he makes his decision in the heat of the moment without investigating or thinking what he is doing


HAMLET How now? A rat? Dead for a ducat, dead!…


Nay I know not. Is it the king?


Here, Hamlet makes a pivotal decision in the play. He believes that the person behind the arras is the king and acts immediately by killing Polonius. This is one of the first decisions Hamlet makes; one which has consequences that affect many of the characters in the play. The decision to kill whoever was behind the arras had no logical reasoning behind it. As a result of this Hamlet is pursued by the king, a friend of Polonius' and Laertes, his son.


This spontaneous decision brings about the chain of events that ultimately brings about the restoration of peace and order in the state of Denmark. The sudden death of Polonius provides a means for Claudius to get rid of Hamlet, through the battle between Laertes and Hamlet. Claudius tells Laertes about Hamlet's actions and pushes for a battle in which Laertes will be able to exact revenge for the killing of his father. The battle ends with not only Hamlet but Laertes, Claudius and Gertrude dead. Before dying, however, Hamlet passes on the kingship of the country to young Fortinbras, which means the country is reestablished without the corruption and immorality of the previous rulers.


HAMLET But I do prophesy the election lights On Fortinbras he has my dying voice; So tell him, with th'occurrents, more and less, Which have solicited. The rest is silence.


Hamlet knowing he is dying realises that Fortinbras is the one who will bring prosperity and morality back to the Danish people. Finally all corruption and debauchery have been eliminated from the Danish crown.


The only other major instance where Hamlet acted on impulse and emotion was near the beginning of the play where Hamlet first meets the ghost. We have the ghost appearing clad in full armour in the middle of the night. He is seen as a very foreboding figure and does not talk to anyone for the first three nights. On the fourth, Hamlet this time joining the group, is beckoned away by the ghost, and Hamlet obliges. As Horatio, the scholar points out this is potentially very dangerous situation


HORATIO What if it tempt you toward the flood, my lord,


Or to the dreadful summit of the cliff


That beetles o'er his base into the sea,


And there assume some other, horrible form,


Which might deprive your sovereignty of reason


And draw you into madness?


Horatio verifies the existence of a ghost, as he is an intelligent being. This also means that advice given is valid. Hamlet puts himself in grave jeopardy by following the ghost not knowing where it is from, whether it is his father or an equivocal demon from hell. His emotions of yearning for his father take over and Hamlet feels drawn to know what the ghost has to say.


Hamlet never knows for certain the truth about his father's death and only late in the play do the audience hear a confession for the regicidal murder. Nevertheless Hamlet follows the ghosts demand for wergild, exacting revenge on his father's killer.


Hamlet's emotion and motives have been questioned by many especially in the last century. T.S. Eliot believes Hamlet's is an "artistic failure" and his emotions were unable to be expressed, as Shakespeare himself did not completely understand them. However, it is through Hamlet's emotions that he is able to act, although, his actions often leave much to be desired.


Hamlet's true emotions are often difficult to interpret as he often tries to hide his genuine feelings especially through his supposedly fictitious madness. However, at times it is clear to see Hamlet as a young man who is troubled by recent events and his conscience. Through Shakespeare's use of soliloquies, the audience usually gets a clear insight into the psyche of Hamlet, but on some occasions, these sagacious thoughts are overcome by emotion and calenture. These emotional and impulsive decisions often result in dire consequences for all involved, and the ultimate price is paid by Hamlet and his corrupted family.


Please note that this sample paper on Hamlet and the Human Psyche is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Hamlet and the Human Psyche, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom research papers on Hamlet and the Human Psyche will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.


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Friday, June 25, 2021

Hamlet and the Human Condition

If you order your cheap essays from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on Hamlet and the Human Condition. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality Hamlet and the Human Condition paper right on time.


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Shakespeare's Hamlet can be seen as an exploration of the human psyche and the human condition in the consequences our actions have when acted on out of impulse and emotion rather than careful deliberation. Hamlet the character makes most of his decisions on the spot but has trouble deciding one way or another after thorough consideration. Many of the decisions he does make have implications that result in dire consequences for him and other characters in the play.


The character Hamlet's actions are driven by his emotion, but usually thinks rationally, before making decisions on how to act. Throughout the play, we see Hamlet faced with unimaginable stress and decisions to make but is able to think pragmatically and follow his conscience. He debates how he can do the right thing, yet avenge the terrors inflicted on his father. However, it is when Hamlet acts spontaneously that his decisions and actions seem reckless and negligent.


Many critics through the years have debated about Hamlet's emotions none more so than T. S. Eliot. In his essay, Hamlet and His Problems he argued that Shakespeare was unable to express the feelings Hamlet felt because Shakespeare himself did not understand them. Eliot believes Shakespeare did not use ‘objective correlative' which is a series of events or objects that rouse a specific emotion of a character. According to Eliot, the play is interpreted emotionally in different ways because Shakespeare did not know how to properly express the emotion of Hamlet. This however, neglects the fact that Hamlet acts mainly out of emotion and passion.


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Hamlet's emotions throughout the play are often difficult to determine. During his soliloquies, the audience is somewhat informed of Hamlet's inner struggles and problems yet some of his actions seem rather contrasted to what he has been saying in his soliloquies. Hamlet is dominantly seen as being very melancholy since learning about his father's death, greatly troubled by the incestuous behaviour of his mother and enraged at the gall of his uncle. However, as the play progresses, Hamlet tells Horatio and the audience that he is feigning madness and this line between acting mad and being genuinely insane is somewhat indistinct. This makes it difficult for the audience to effectively decipher the true feelings of the protagonist as we are unsure of Hamlet's madness and the fact he tries to hide his true emotion through this supposed madness.


Eliot in his critical essay, Hamlet and hid Problems, believes Hamlet's madness is rather a "form of emotional relief" which Shakespeare "cannot express in art." Eliot believes the madness of Hamlet is not a way in which Hamlet is able investigate the truth to the murder of his father and the revenge on his uncle but because there is no other way Shakespeare can express the desired effect of Hamlet's emotion. Through his soliloquies we hear of his dilemmas and the way he feels, not knowing what is ahead of him. His emotions are expressed as the reader is taken into the protagonist's mind in the soliloquies and the audience hears of his indecision and uncertainty


HAMLET "Yet I, A dull and muddy-mettled rascal, peak,Like John-a-dreams, unpregnant of my cause,And can say nothing; no, not for a king, Upon whose property and most dear lifeA damnd defeat was made. Am I a coward?"


This is part of Hamlet's second soliloquy and he makes mention of his inability to act on his father's wishes. He is "unpregnant of his cause," that is, unable to act quickly on his call. He later likens himself to a coward. This is all because Hamlet as a character can not be sure of the ghost's intentions and realises this as he goes through it in his mind.


In contrast to this, Hamlet is unable to altogether think logically when faced by the antagonist. Instead, his thoughts and actions are hasty and irrational. Here, Hamlet finds another reason to prolong his action, as he does not want to kill his uncle when his soul is cleanHAMLET And now Ill dot. And so he goes to heaven;And so am I revenged. That would be scanndA villain kills my father; and for that,I, his sole son, do this same villain sendTo heaven.


Hamlet has surpassed the idea simply having to know the facts of the murder that took place, but now feels the need to know the metaphysical details too before he acts. This can be seen as Hamlet not really wanting to go through with the murder as it is against his better judgement yet feels he is obliged to act on his father's demand of wergild.


In the very next scene, however, we see Hamlet act differently to what the audience has seen him say and think by killing in hot-blood who he thinks to be the king. Here, he makes his decision in the heat of the moment without investigating or thinking what he is doing


HAMLET How now? A rat? Dead for a ducat, dead!…


Nay I know not. Is it the king?


Here, Hamlet makes a pivotal decision in the play. He believes that the person behind the arras is the king and acts immediately by killing Polonius. This is one of the first decisions Hamlet makes; one which has consequences that affect many of the characters in the play. The decision to kill whoever was behind the arras had no logical reasoning behind it. As a result of this Hamlet is pursued by the king, a friend of Polonius' and Laertes, his son.


This spontaneous decision brings about the chain of events that ultimately brings about the restoration of peace and order in the state of Denmark. The sudden death of Polonius provides a means for Claudius to get rid of Hamlet, through the battle between Laertes and Hamlet. Claudius tells Laertes about Hamlet's actions and pushes for a battle in which Laertes will be able to exact revenge for the killing of his father. The battle ends with not only Hamlet but Laertes, Claudius and Gertrude dead. Before dying, however, Hamlet passes on the kingship of the country to young Fortinbras, which means the country is reestablished without the corruption and immorality of the previous rulers.


HAMLET But I do prophesy the election lights On Fortinbras he has my dying voice; So tell him, with th'occurrents, more and less, Which have solicited. The rest is silence.


Hamlet knowing he is dying realises that Fortinbras is the one who will bring prosperity and morality back to the Danish people. Finally all corruption and debauchery have been eliminated from the Danish crown.


The only other major instance where Hamlet acted on impulse and emotion was near the beginning of the play where Hamlet first meets the ghost. We have the ghost appearing clad in full armour in the middle of the night. He is seen as a very foreboding figure and does not talk to anyone for the first three nights. On the fourth, Hamlet this time joining the group, is beckoned away by the ghost, and Hamlet obliges. As Horatio, the scholar points out this is potentially very dangerous situation


HORATIO What if it tempt you toward the flood, my lord,


Or to the dreadful summit of the cliff


That beetles o'er his base into the sea,


And there assume some other, horrible form,


Which might deprive your sovereignty of reason


And draw you into madness?


Horatio verifies the existence of a ghost, as he is an intelligent being. This also means that advice given is valid. Hamlet puts himself in grave jeopardy by following the ghost not knowing where it is from, whether it is his father or an equivocal demon from hell. His emotions of yearning for his father take over and Hamlet feels drawn to know what the ghost has to say.


Hamlet never knows for certain the truth about his father's death and only late in the play do the audience hear a confession for the regicidal murder. Nevertheless Hamlet follows the ghosts demand for wergild, exacting revenge on his father's killer.


Hamlet's emotion and motives have been questioned by many especially in the last century. T.S. Eliot believes Hamlet's is an "artistic failure" and his emotions were unable to be expressed, as Shakespeare himself did not completely understand them. However, it is through Hamlet's emotions that he is able to act, although, his actions often leave much to be desired.


Hamlet's true emotions are often difficult to interpret as he often tries to hide his genuine feelings especially through his supposedly fictitious madness. However, at times it is clear to see Hamlet as a young man who is troubled by recent events and his conscience. Through Shakespeare's use of soliloquies, the audience usually gets a clear insight into the psyche of Hamlet, but on some occasions, these sagacious thoughts are overcome by emotion and calenture. These emotional and impulsive decisions often result in dire consequences for all involved, and the ultimate price is paid by Hamlet and his corrupted family.


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Wednesday, June 23, 2021

Se7en (Fictitious interview with David Fincher discussing conventions of the film)

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A Talk With David FincherGood morning DavidMorning Your latest work Se7eN has had mixed reviews at the box office. How do you answer to critics who say that the film is nothing more than a shower of insolence that incites violence?


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?Bad reviews have never phased me. Se7eN does contain controversial obtrusive material that is aimed to provoke reaction. There is something slightly off about everything. It?s like a beat that you don?t? dwell upon? but, when you make a collection of them it adds to something, as a total is disturbing because your never sure what is coming next or if it?s significant, or if it?s insignificant because throughout the film the clues and the search for the killer is intertwined with normal, common, everyday things. They?re laced with red herrings if you like. I feel that this is an important aspect of the genre as it?s main purpose is to entertain. I mean if you just pointed out the essentials, then that would give the game away. But if you lace the whole environment, the whole microcosm of the movie with these off beat red herrings, then your not sure where the next revelation is going to come from, and how that revelation will impact upon the plot.?Yes, you made that all so clear. As you mentioned, the content of Se7eN is highly violent and controversial which has confused many critics on the genre of the film with some categorising it as a crime fiction whilst others labelling it a horror flick. What category would you place the film in??Crime fiction. It is definitely a crime fiction film. I guess one could argue that it contains aspects of the horror genre and I did want it to be scary, but it definitely does not conform to the genre as a whole. I mean if we look at it in its entirety, we have two urban detectives investigating a trail of bloody and horrible murders trying to catch a dangerous, cunning villain who in the end lays the plot out for the viewer like an Agatha Christie novel; well sort of.?You feel that Se7eN is a crime fiction film. Is there any particular section of this genre that the film conforms too??In making Se7eN we were attempting to make a modern film noir. We actually went as far as getting Darius Condre (who formally worked on French perfume commercials with David) to do the cinematography? (with laughs) to get that whole French touch. Oh, and he was great too. I can remember on the gluttony scene we were having all sorts of trouble to get the lighting correct, so he suggested letting Brad (Pitt) and Morgan (Freeman) do all the lighting with their flashlights and pieces of reflective cardboard. It worked great, with half of their faces in light and half in darkness- it added a real ominous feel to the scene. You know something is brooding around the corner waiting to pounce upon the unsuspecting detectives? I love that sort of thing.?Are there any other aspects of Noir present in the film??Yeh, heaps. We wanted to make a colour film that was really a black and white feature. We actually did lower scale enhancement (resilvering) to make it look and feel as dark as possible. I just kept on thinking black; I want this thing black- kind of like the ambience present in Malice. We also tried to make the sets feel like they were straight out of a 140 film noir. Take the police station for example. Now we all know what police stations look like in classic film noirs and I did a lot of research into the history of New York City?s police stations. Anyway, we scouted for the location of the police station for what seemed like decades when we finally encountered the Pacific Gas and Electric Building in downtown L.A. We just looked at it and said this is it. It had very low ceilings with these wonderful drop fluorescent fixtures that gave us this fantastically pale light to work with. The building also looked out over sixth street which had a very New York feel to it and the whole place had a very wonderful patina of age and use which was just what we were looking for. All we had to do was make it police like and that involved putting up rooms, partitions- the old wooden glass partitions of the noir aesthetic- and jumbling the place up with old and new desks in our usual manner. It really did look as though Phillip Marlow actually worked there. It was great. Also, within the settings, I wanted to provide an image of a dark and certain world, a world that reflects the morale and social decay of society. To reflect this within the police station we shrewd paper work everywhere to make it seem that the police just weren?t coping with the crime rate. This feel of morale and social decay that is presented many times throughout the film hints to the viewer that they are not in for a happy ending, even if the villain is caught and brought to justice, next week there will be another one, and he will also be followed by another and so on. It?s awful I know, but I love it.?You?re a bad man David. What conventions of the genre did you attempt to push in the film??The detectives. We really tried to push the separate personalities of the two detectives Somerset (Freeman) and Mills (Pitt). I can remember, from the outset, that I really wanted these two personalities to clash; we didn?t want to place the film in that clichd ?buddy cop? sub genre typified by the Lethal Weapon series. We wanted two very different detectives to give two different perspectives on the murders. Somerset, a detective on the verge of retirement, follows the Sherlock Holmes sleuth hero path. He would rather place all the clues into position before making his move on the suspect. On the other hand we have the wisecracking detective Mills, a new recruit that follows the Phillip Marlow, hard-boiled hero path. I mean this guy just wants to get out on the street and start busting down doors in hope of finding the killer. He is pretty much the antithesis of Somerset- in his crime solving procedure at least. I love the way these two characters clash- it really adds a sort of tension to the film not to mention the two great views we get of the murders and the world around. It also makes for some great dialogue. Take this for exampleWilliam Somerset ?This guys methodical, exacting, and worst of all, patient.?David Mills ?Hes a nut-bag! Just because the fuckers got a library card doesnt make him Yoda!?(laughs) I love it, I really do. This feeling that conflict is even present in the police station, a place where it is supposed to be halted, really reinforces the decay of the society around them.Oh, and while we?re on conventions, I also wanted to reinforce the personal danger that became these detectives. I wanted the audience to always have the feeling that death could come to these detectives at any time; I feel it just really adds excitement to the film. This personal danger is personified in the chase scene. This scene is actually the first time the dicks encounter John Doe (the killer). I can remember that I wanted this scene to look chaotic and have kind of a rough cut to it, sort of documentary styled. (Laughs) I can remember Richard (Francis Bruce/Editor) having a dreadful time trying to work out how to cut this sequence. I just kept telling him I want it rough looking, keep it rough. Poor fellow, all he had to work with were these tacky looking handheld camera images mixed in with some very beautiful profiles of Brad and the not yet faced John Doe (Kevin Spacey). He did a great job though, he got just what I was after. I can remember at the start of the scene he did a double cut of Brad and Morgan ducking two bullets fired by John Doe; it really typified the danger of the situation, he has an amazing eye for these sort of things. He put these marvellous snippet cuts of Mills running in one direction, then cutting quickly to Doe running in the other. It made it feel as though Mills was going to meet Doe and get shot. Richard also used a lot of our jerky point of views which, if the viewer is quick, can just see the killer either ducking behind a corner or lining Mills up in the sight of his pistol. All this with Ren?s (Ren Clise/Sound Designer) climatical musical accompaniment of a romantic brass and string section, really heightens tension. We were really aiming to give at least one person per cinema a heart attack.?Well seeing that you just confessed to attempted murder, I think we?ll leave it there. Thanks for your time David.?It?s been a pleasure.?


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Monday, June 21, 2021

Mass transit and highways of NYC

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Out staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in Mass transit and highways of NYC, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your Mass transit and highways of NYC paper at affordable prices with cheap custom writing service! New York City is considered the capital of the world. It is home to members of every ethnic origin, age, creed, and lifestyle. The buildings comprise a vast majority of architectural styles. The museums house artwork and artifacts from all the four corners of the globe. It is the Mecca of the millennium. One must wonder how did this place evolve from rustic tracts of land and mud streets to super highways outlining block after block of buildings. One man can be held responsible for the modern composition of the five boroughs and much of New York State for that matter. That man's name evokes terror and admiration in men to this day. His name was Robert Moses. His life and his work are the subject of the Pulitzer Prize winning novel by Robert A. Caro, The Power Broker Robert Moses and the Fall of New York. Caro explicitly expresses his recognition and moral repugnance for Moses' public and political projects. His viewpoint is succinctly stated in this title. The first and more pronounced point ‘The power broker' implicates Robert Moses as a good deal more than another urban planner. Moses is given the title of a Wall Street man, suave and calculating. The phrase portrays the persuasive and political nature of Moses' physical achievements and dynamic deals. The former half of the book focuses on how Moses mutated from an idealist to a myopic mastermind of manipulation. The steady upward climb of the stratified ladder to success, the struggles he encountered and the lessons he never forgot, indeed impacted New York just as much as Central Park and the West Side highway. The structures he created and destroyed coupled with the tactics he used to deploy them were manifestations of his formal education and his ‘baptism by fire' into the public service system. Educated at Yale, followed by Oxford Moses maintained a conservative elitist view of civil service. Although he demanded complete reform in his acclaimed thesis, he also proposed that only educated gentlemen be employed in the public arena and judged solely on the basis of merit. His career was off to a jumpstart at the training school for public service. A result of the reform movement taking the foreground of New York politics against the oppressive Tammany Hall, was the creation of the Bureau of Municipal Research. The chief aim was to reform the civil service and create a pure form of public service. Moses was recognized as "the man who understood civil service the best." At a time when there were relatively few experts on the subject he was the top of his field and fresh out of graduate school. His work enabled him to have a firsthand knowledge of political inefficiency, corruption, and legal loopholes. His effort to reform the civil service rating system and simplify the job market was met with strong silent opposition by the patronage favoring fat cat politicians of Tammany. These men taught him how to bury a public endeavor. They also taught him the inescapable necessity of powerful political support to accomplish goals of any size. "Power built highways and civil service systems. Power was what dreams needed, not power in the hands of the dreamer himself necessarily but power put behind the dreamer's dream by the man who had it to put there, power that he termed ‘executive support'."


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This realization took the precedence of Moses' noble idealism. No longer were truth, beauty, goodness and logic the omniscient gods of his sphere. Power became the absolute deity that he would need to worship in order to achieve his ambitious aspirations. The stages of Robert Moses the man coincide with the degrees of his political involvement. In college while he thought about public service, he was a dreamer of the highest rank. At the Bureau in the city he was a frustrated dreamer, the most dangerous kind. In Albany, working under the Governor's he compromised idealism for results and worked with the very men he had denounced as competent politicians. He learned the art of graft and lies of omission. There he harnessed the power of men like Al Smith to implement the policies he advocated and in a timely fashion. The gradual progression from dreamer to puppeteer would be complete upon his appointment as ‘City Construction Coordinator'. The power was now in the hands of the dreamer and not merely in his sight. The establishment of Title 1 in the post-war era gave the federal government a role equal to city hall's in the new conception of urban renewal. The demand for reformatting of the ever-expanding metropolis coupled with O'Dwyer's okay for Moses to draft his own powers created a center of control over New York City untouchable by any institution. The man who had once been dubbed the ‘best bill drafter in Albany' used his talents to slip in a clause,which would alter the face of public service powers for decades to come. ". . . ‘represent the city in its relations with cooperating state and federal agencies.' Moses used this phrase, so innocent in appearance, as authorization to deal, thereby making certain that it would be he and he alone who was presenting the city's position-or his representation of the position-to federal and state officials,. . . to be in other words the sole broker between the city and the governments on which the city was relying for desperately needed funds." Essentially Moses became the representative of the city for the federal government and the representative of the federal government for the city. This enabled him to twist facts and omit words in order to convey the response he desired for his proposed projects. Projects such as the major expressways of New York City running traffic to the suburbs and through the metropolitan area called for the eviction of a substantial portion of borough voters. Regardless of opposition from O'Dwyer and other members of The Board of Estimate, Moses created the Cross Bronx Expressway and left a void where there had once been neighborhoods of family businesses and corner culture. This was the single most debilitating act committed against the residents of the underclass residents of New York City by an official they had never elected. Conversely, this expressway enabled traffic to flow more smoothly and created simplicity between suburbs and the urban center. In utilitarian terms, the suffering of these ‘minority' group were a small price to pay for the long-term benefit to the transportation network of the future. The paralyzing nature of evicting residents from their homes during an apartment shortage created short-term devastation. The latter half of the title, ‘the fall of New York' applies to the detrimental impact of Moses' public service projects, which actually dislocated and discomforted a significant number of the public he claimed to serve. The term ‘fall' can be interpreted as literal or figurative dependent upon the reader's opinion of Robert Moses. The literal interpretation would be taken to mean the urban disintegration of a city's culture and charm. Caro clearly views Moses' creations of highways and his actions through Title 1 as lethal to the people and the city. The fall could be considered a fall from greatness to a cold, heartless, collaboration of power and politics which is the current image of Manhattan. However I consider the word fall to have two implications. The first being the concept of rock bottom, Moses facilitated the 170's decline of the city. It is not possible to truly achieve superiority and greatness prior to falling down a vast dark hole. Moses was familiar with this concept. He did not begin to rise in the political sphere until after he was publicly humiliated and stripped of employment by Tammany Hall. He quickly learned the lesson of if you can't beat ‘em join ‘em. The second interpretation would be to define the word fall in figurative terms applicable to the season. Autumn is associated with decay, glorious change that spurs a time of drab darkness we know as winter. However this decay is a sort of cleansing process which is necessary to bring the fruitful rewards of spring. This is how I interpret Moses' action and the title of the book. An eruption of firy colors, as apartment complexes were blasted to burn the old and usher in the new. Public Parks, beaches, mass-transit, and the highway system are all innovations we have to thank Robert Moses for. These innovations have a lasting effect on men and women today and for generations to come. Eventually these systems will be diseased and decrepit and they too will go through a process of resurrection and renewal. That is the simple cycle faced by every living organism on this planet, which includes the urban organism.


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