Sun' new Product Portfolio

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SUN MICROSYSTEMS

ISSUE What should be the Sun's product portfolio (or product mix) given the current environmental conditions and competition?

SUGGESTION

Sun should change its image from server maker to solution provider including hardware, software and services and look for partners if something is missing in the value chain. Sun should focus on low-end servers and Linux. Sun should build application to manage the distributed processing and storage power. For Java build the good developer tools.

SUN'S CURRENT PRODUCT PORTFOLIO

1.1 COMPUTER SYSTEMS

High-end Servers UNIX® platform-based systems and incorporates UltraSPARC III microprocessor.

Mid-range Servers UltraSPARC III processor and Solaris Operating System.

Entry server systems & Blade Server Processor architecture (SPARC or x86), form factor (rackable or stand-alone systems) both Solaris and Linux operating systems.

Desktops and Workstations Product line includes 64-bit workstation.

1. SOFTWARE

Solaris Operating System (OS) The Solaris OS for SPARC and x86 platforms.

Java Platform

Java platform application environment allows development of application software independent of the underlying operating system or microprocessor. There are various version of Java Platform Standard, enterprise and Micro (for embedded systems such as PDA, phone etc.) editions.

Sun ONE Developer Platform

Provides a desktop-to-mainframe development and test environment for programming in C, C++ and Java programming languages.

N1™.

N1 software is to allow a data center to work like a single system by combining foundation resources (e.g. servers, storage and network devices) with virtualization, provisioning, policy and automation, and monitoring.

1. NETWORK STORAGE

High-end data storage systems provide a platform for direct attach storage or storage area network (SAN) solutions.

1.4 SERVICES

Sun services team provides support services (support for hardware and software) and Professional and Educational services.

SUN'S NET REVENUES FOR THREE YEARS (dollars in millions)

(Source www.sun.com sun's annual report)

00 Change 00 Change 001Computer Systems products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,4 (15.6)% $ 7,6 (40.)% $1,8Network Storage products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1,550 (8.7)% 1,67 (5.4)% ,66Products net revenue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 7,7 (14.)% $ ,0 (.4)% $15,015Percentage of total net revenues . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.% (4.6) pts 7.8% (.5) pts 8.%Support services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..,844 1.1% $ ,58 16.0 % $ ,188Professional and Educational services . . . . . . . . .77 (7.)% 865 (17.4)% 1,047Services net revenue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,641 7.0 % $ ,40 5. % $ ,5Percentage of total net revenues . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1.8% 4.6 pts 7.% .5 pts 17.7%Total net revenues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$11,44 (8.5)% $1,46 (1.5)% $18,50

SUN AND ITS COMPETITORS REVENUE FOR 00 SECOND QTR

source (http//www.idc.com/getdoc.jhtml?containerId=pr00_08_8_154747)

(Revenues are in Millions)

Q 00 Market Q 00 Market Revenue Growth

Vendor Revenue Share Revenue Share 00/00

IBM $,1 7.7% $,8 0.4% 10.1%

Hewlett-Packard $,5 7.7% $,46 7.7% 0.6%

Sun Microsystems $1,76 16.6% $1,44 1.5% -18.6%

Dell $81 8.4% $80 .% .4%

Fujitsu Siemens $5 .4% $86 .7% 10.64%

Others $1,818 17.% $1,74 16.4% -4.15%

All Vendors $10,57 100.0% $10,616 100.0% 0.17%

4 SUN'S NEW SUGGESTED PRODUCT PORTFOLIO

As we can see Sun's revenue is declining in almost every area except support services. There are various reasons why Sun's revenue is declining. One is that overall external conditions such as downturn in overall market are not favorable. Merrill Lynch analyst Steven Milunovich urged Sun Microsystems's CEO Scott McNealy and the board to cut costs and to focus on core computing (Analyst Urges Job Cuts, New Focus for Sun Micro, Wall Street, Oct. 00). Sun is now perceived as proprietary and expensive (Sun Micro Reports Earning, Troubles Seen Continuing, Wall street Journal, 16th Oct. 00). These all facts directed towards same thing that Sun's current product portfolio is not according to market demands. Even in downturn Sun's competitor's are doing better than Sun, so there is strong requirement to analyze Sun's current product portfolio including hardware, software and services area.

4.1 MORE AGGRESSIVE ON LINUX OPERATING SYSTEM

(http//www.enterprisenetworksandservers.com/monthly/art.php/8) According to IDC, a research firm, in contrast to the Windows and Linux server market, the Unix server market has declined about two fifths of its value, between 000 and 00. By 007, Unix share will drop to 7% and Linux share will increase to 5%. After 5 to 10 years Linux will outperform Unix and will take over Unix in most of the industry.

It is true that one of the Sun's strengths is its reliable, secure and robust Solaris operating system. However, as we can see the IT world is shifting towards cheaper Linux operating systems. The world's developer force and support of big companies like IBM, Oracle is behind Linux. So there will be a time in near future when Linux will out perform the Solaris or any other operating system. In my opinion, Sun is repeating the same mistake what IBM did in the mainframe era. IBM realized the mistake and turned it back to provide the integrated solution, however it missed the PC lead. IBM is no more solely mainframe company.

For IBM, PC and Unix were disruptive technologies. Disruptive innovation introduced by Clayton Christensen in his book, The Innovators Dilemma, provide an excellent way for understanding what the drivers are for change in the server market. According to Christensen, for incumbents, it is very hard to make a case for disruptive technologies because they are far less performing and less revenue making than revenue generating sustaining technologies. However, as soon as disruptive technology outperforms the sustaining technology, clients shift from the old to new technologies. For Unix, Linux is a disruptive innovation.

My suggestion here is that Sun should go and endorse the Linux even if it has Unix lead.

4. MORE FOCUS ON X86 BASED SERVER

SPARC based server are expensive for low end and mid range server. In the high-end server market or RISC based processor, competition was less intense. Competitors were Motorola, IBM, Fujitsu and Apple, not Intel and AMD. Now in 64-bit era, Intel launched new Itanium and Xeon MP processors and AMD launched Opteron microprocessor. Demand for x86 based low-end server and mid range server is increasing because of low cost and good performance. Sun relies on Texas Instruments to build its microprocessor ( www.sun.com annual report) and it outsources its servers to third party. So it is very hard for SUN to beat on price from Intel and AMD. Why sun has to design its own SPARC microprocessor when there are leaders in microprocessor area. Sun should leverage the strength of other companies like Intel.

4. MORE FOCUS ON BLADE SERVERS

(http//www.idc.com/getdoc.jhtml?containerId=pr00_0_11_150000) According to IDC, Server blades are on the cusp of tremendous growth in the market. While they represented only about % of the server unit shipments in Q0, IDC expects more than 7% of all new servers to ship worldwide by 007. Server blades suit the needs of customers with large data centers involving hundreds or thousands of servers. Typical examples would be financial services firms, Internet service providers, e-commerce sites, large banks, and telecommunications companies (http//www.serverbladesummit.com/industrynews/index.asp - hotmarket).

In coming time, computing needs would be more distributed than centralized in one location on big power server. Sun has made its image in telecom and Internet industry. Sun can leverage its customer base to give this solution. Sun should be more focused on providing low-end and mid-range blade servers by focusing on telecom and Internet niche market.

4.4 PARTNERSHIP FOR DESKTOP AND WORKSTATIONS

Sun needs to provide the full solution to its customers, which makes sense. However, why Sun needs to build these desktops/workstations? It can not compete anyway on the price with companies like DELL. In my opinion, Sun should not waste its energy in this, it should look out for strategic partnership with companies like Dell who are expert in this area.

4.5 SUN SHOULD BUILD JAVA TOOLS WHERE THE MONEY IS

(http//servlet.java.sun.com/help/legal_and_licensing) Most of the Java.sun.com products including JEE standard, runtime, enterprise and micro editions are free to download and redistribute with some value addition. Sun's Java effort were to increase its server sale, however, it failed to do so. Java absorbed Sun's revenue and helped competitors like IBM, HP in fight against Microsoft Monopoly. Sun and its partner will spend 500 millions on Java branding like Intel did with Intel inside campaign. McNealy (http//www.bayarea.com/mld/mercurynews/business/606167.htm) insisted that Suns branding campaign would not lead to Sun making Java proprietary in any way. ``Java is like English, he said. ``You dont make money owning English. So why Sun is putting its money in Java standardization. Sun focus should be on building the easy to use Java tools like Microsoft visual studio. So that Java can be easily adopted by developers and generates revenue for SUN which really matters in end.

4.6 DATA STORAGE HARDWARE BY PARTNERSHIP

Sun is a new player in this industry. According to IDC this is again a growing industry as it provides the flexibility to increase and decrease the storage demands based upon the needs. EMC, IBM, Hitachi, and HPQ are the big players in this industry. Sun did a good job in this by making Hitachi a strategic alliance in this and selling its data storage because time to market is crucial thing instead of making its own hardware.

4.7 BE THE LEADER IN MANAGING DISTRIBUTED POWER AND STORAGE UNIT

Sun's vision is "network is computer". That is very good and broad vision according to me. Is Sun diligently focusing on it? I will take this vision as processing power and storage will be more distributed and winner will be the one who can provide hardware as well as great software to manage all these distributed devices virtually. The need that comes out of this is managing this distributed processing power. Ultimately building blades or storage devices would not going to be key differentiation, the key differentiation would be managing these products remotely and seamlessly. There are leaders in storage area, but nobody has full solution to manage these distributed processing power and devices. Sun could lead in this area by providing software to manage the distributed power and other network devices.

4.8 MORE FOCUS ON SERVICES AND CHANGE THE IMAGE TO SOLUTION PROVIDER FROM SERVER PROVIDER

Today's the needs of services has increased and it will be more in the near future as the computing power is penetrating in the nonIT world. Non IT world is looking at the IT industry for solutions because there are so many solutions out there. IT companies can not just throw bits and pieces and say build yourself, these companies need help. Sun can help these customers and can make money on this. Currently Sun revenue for services is very low (7% of total revenue). Sun was providing the customer support not the real services to these companies. Sun has recently become more aggressive in this area by joining third party manufacturers. I have to say that Sun has to become more prominent in this area. HP and IBM are taking the customers by providing the full solutions to the customers. So if Sun left behind in this, it does not matter how good or bad Sun's product portfolio is. Sun should define its niche market and should go after those customer to provide the complete solution.

References

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1984 As An AP Book

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George Orwell's 184 is a true masterpiece; there are so many aspects of literature and human emotion that make Orwell's novel a true classic. Orwell's novel has so many different unique characteristics that separate it from other works. The sheer brilliance of human emotion and diction that makes the reader believe a government take over is possible; along with allowing him/her to have different perspectives on an event all contribute to 184's compelling story and classic use of humanism.

Unlike other books designated as AP or "Masterpiece" 184 offers a very unique experience. 184 strays away from the true and tried formula of "my childhood was very traumatic, here is it". In doing so it offers a much more interesting reading experience. 184 allows the reader to imagine a horrific future world in which the principle of Democracy or other free government has fallen, and totalitarianism has risen to dominate. Free speech is no more, free expression is history; and history has been modified to fit the wants of "The Party". It's different, which is exactly what works for 184, its uniqueness draws the reader into the novel after the first few pages. This is a much darker novel than is normally read in an AP level class and it's a breath of fresh air. The darkness of the novel is another aspect of the novel that pulls the reader into the novel. It's not so much the plot that captivates the readers as much as it is the tone and mood of the novel. A gloomy, dark novel is much more interesting and appealing to the mind than is a lengthy narrative.

Orwell's writing style does much to compliment the dark, dreariness of the novel. The first characteristic of 184 that is apparent is the fact that the entire novel is in the past tense. From reading the novel one understands the dark tone of the novel and realizes that it is not going to end on a happy note. The narration by Winston is done extremely well by Orwell in that the voice of doom is easily heard through Orwell's language. In addition to Orwell's diction is the tone that is consistent throughout the novel; that of darkness, frustration, fear, and despair. The following quote is extremely powerful as it relates to despair and frustration; "And when memory failed and written records were falsified- when that happened, the claim of the party to have improved the conditions of human life had got to be accepted, because there did not exist, and never again could exist, any standard against which it could be tested." This quote shows how the party is trying to weaken any and all memories of history before the revolution. The logic is, if no one remembers the times before the revolution, they have nothing to compare their current state of life to. The party has in turn, created a history in which they are the accepted and loved rulers. This state of mind leads directly to another quote from Orwell's masterpiece; "Who controls the past controls the future. Who controls the present controls the past."

184 has come and gone, but Orwell's vision of what could have been is still as frightening as ever. The concept of government taking complete control over its citizens (or should they be called subjects?) is not as farfetched as it sounds. The novel itself tackles many aspects of humanism including psychological manipulation, and physical punishment. These are specific items that do not lose their power or significance over time, rather they become more powerful and influential. Orwell's 184 is comparable to a fine wine; it just gets better with age.

Please note that this sample paper on 1984 As An AP Book is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on 1984 As An AP Book, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on 1984 As An AP Book will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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Training

If you order your custom term paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on training. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality training paper right on time. Out staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in training, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your training paper at affordable prices!Job casualisation and outsourcing is commonly associated with poor training. Currently in Australia there are mixed signals relating to training. The government is pushing towards a well trained workforce while the privet sector don't seemed fazed with eliminating their training programs. The new concept of the flexible organisation has its part to play in untrained staff because of the high staff turn over. Unfortunately many organisations that offer still training only do so only for permanent staff. However, it should also be noted that job casualisation and outsourcing have a different level of impact depending on what type of job one is in. Serious questions need also to be asked that if the traditional places of training are removed where then will people be able to access training. In a recent case study of an Australian hospital it was discovered that the lack of training to staff had a direct, negative impact on the patients. Connell (001) describes the mixed signals Australian stakeholders are receiving with respect to training. He believes that there is now a highlighted importance with the new restructuring of the economy towards a highly skilled workforce. However, these views do not seem to be matching those of the privet sector. Through they're increasing outsourcing, contracting and casual workforce they are rationalizing and fragmenting the workforce. This raises a serious question of where training will be located for workers, as facilities for on-the-job training is quickly disappearing. Management need to pay close attention that their short term goals of reducing the cost of training compromises with there long term growth and productivity. It is obvious here that in the privet sector job casualisation and outsourcing is having a negative impact on training as they are removing training out of the equation (Connell 001, ). The link between occupations, training, unions and agreements is not uniform. This often means that casual employees will not get access to these facilities (11). How then are part-timers and casuals meant to obtain access to skills if they are excluded from employment rights, career paths and employment continuity. (Connell 001, 10) For the enterprise, fragmented employment arrangements can act as a barrier to long-term investment in skill acquisition (COPPIED from book p. 10)

In recent times there has been a shit toward a flexible organisation. However, the social consequence is the loss of training and skill development. In a recent American survey it was found that the large turnover was of serious concern, and that incentives need to be introduced. It was discovered that employee's number one incentive was employee development (ranking higher than financial rewards). This survey illustrates the importance of training for not only new workers but on existing workers. One interesting point is that even if an organisation offers training, casual employees are often out side these internal training programs. What good is having these training programs if they are not freely available to all employees (15). The training deficit is whereby casual employees are less likely than permanent employees to receive training are (Campbell 61). One large cost this training deficit has on the employees is that many of they are trapped with a degrading job who do not have the resources to pursue their own training. So what seems rational for that person in the short term to avoid training cost can turn out to be a disaster in the medium or long term (16).Connell argues that the hidden cost for organisations in the decline of training expenses is the rise in contract and labour hire (16). The rapid growth in casual employment, demonstrates the reduced access of workplace training for casuals compared to permanent employeesCampbell (001) illustrates through statistics the difference between internal and external training for casual and permanent employees. In 17, 40.5% of permanent employees received in-house training while only 16.7% of casuals received it. While in employer-supported external training courses 15.% of permanent employees received training while only .4 of casuals received it. Campbell (001) suggest a number of reasons why employers use casual employment, some advantages are cheaper labour cost, greater ease of dismissal, ability to match labour time to fluctuations in workload, administrative convenience and enhanced control (81).The different forms of casual employment is of vital importance. Some types of casual employment will be more problematic than others in regard to training. The implications of a full time student working a few hours a week in a short term, irregular casual job at a bar or nightclub is not likely to cause any real serious problem relating to training. However, large amounts of research suggest that the existing and growing number of ‘long term casuals' is a distinct and problematic feature of the modern labour force in Australia. Although in many ways they resemble permanent employees, they differ dramatically in there the lack of rights and benefits that are associated with permanent employment. One major benefit which casuals are not entitled to is the access to training (). Curtains (001) article presents interesting statistics that shows what forms of employment casual employees are most likely to working in. Work which requires a lower level of skills are most popular for casual workers. A 18 study showed that elementary clerical, sales and service occupation groups employed more casual employees that any other form of work. It was also noted that labours and related workers made up a large component of the casual employment. The statistics also show that the proportion of casuals decreased as the level of skill required increased. What this means is that casuals were more likely to work in lower skilled occupations. The level of casuals working was lowest in occupations such as administrators, professionals and associate professionals (108). Curtain (001) states that ‘casual employees are much less likely than permanent employees to participate in formal training actives'. It should be noted however, that different casual employees have different attitudes towards training. As many as 80% of casuals believe that they have fewer opportunities for training than as permanent employees. Curtain (001) lists five distinctions in attitudes towards training for casuals. First is the full time student who has little interest pursuing training in their casual employment. Secondly, casuals who ate pessimistic about training and who have few career aspirations. Thirdly, woman with dependant children who now feel they have reasonable formal and informal training opportunities. Fourthly is mature aged men who feel insecure with their job and isolated from training opportunities. Finally the career-orientated casuals who training (or more of it) to help them develop skills so they can get permanent work and a career path. Employers must decide whether it is worth there while providing training. What is the point if the casuals are not interested (11)? Pickersgrill (001) article provides statistics which indicates that privet employers nowadays are generally withdrawing from training investments. This means that the training costs are being pushed towards the government and/or the individual. It also means that they are further utilizing skills through outsourcing and labour hire (Hall et al, 000 cited in Curtain 001, 1).Lewer's (001) article raises an important question that given the recent rise in casual and outsourced labour, what effects will it have on structured training. Research is now trying to understand if this dramatic shit toward outsourcing services is having a negative influence on the formation and maintenance of skills. Lewer (001) looks for alternatives for employee training if organisations are not going to supply in house training. Lewer (001) believes that there needs to be a shift of where employees will find training from the organisations to the contractors. There is already an established, steady growth toward outsourcing so it makes sense that these business should supply some training. ‘plainly the onus to ensure a skilled laour force falls on contractors as firms rely on them to provides workers with the skills they require to be competitive' (Lewer & Gallimore 001 151). In the case study of Broken Hill Proprietary Limited (BHP) they have come up with an interesting way on how they decide whether they should eliminate, retain, outsource or create a partnership in completing some task's. The modal uses how often a task is repeated and the amount of knowledge needed to complete the task. This model helps distinguish how much time and effort (if any at all) they should put in to training employees to do specific task's. Whittard's (001) article states that workers who are settled in their job, are the ones who are most likely to receive training, the probability of training rises sharply with the amount of hours worked. It also makes reference that ‘training was significantly lower amongst casual workers' (Whittard 001, 166)An interesting point relating to casual employment and training is the effect of gender. Studies have show (Alexander and Frank, 10 cited in Whittard) that woman were most likely not to receive training and other entitlements. It was also discovered that many female casual jobs were considered non-career, and that even when training was offered it was often not related to career progression (166).Whittard's (001) article uses a case study to explore various functions of two hospitals. Statistics show that in one of the hospitals in August of 1 nearly half of the nurses were either part-time or casual. This flexible type of environment had its effects on the way the organisations ran. It was found that the low level of training received by part-time nursing staff might have compromised the quality of care offered to the clients (174).One opposing view is that permanent part-time workers can have a positive impact on training. Managers in the hospital expressed their view that permanent part time workers had the ability to be flexible and attend training on their days off. This meant it was easier for managers to approve their applications for training, especially if it did not mean that the unit manager had to replace a shift (176).From the case study it seem that training was available to all (as long as the budget allowed for it) workers who have been there for a good period of time and have proved themselves to be worthwhile to train. However, casual employees would have to attend training in their own time. It should be noted that the overriding factor for not permitting training was due to cost restraints (178, 180). Some problems part-time workers had with training were having to attend training in their own time, day time attendance when having other personal commitments, especially family (17).Persons most affected by this poor training is the employees, however, it has much greaterJob casualisation and outsourcing has contributed to the poor training of Australian workers. The governments push for a well-trained workforce is simply no match for the continuing decline in employer related training programs for casuals. Employers nowadays do not believe it to be worth while to train in-house, outsourcing, they will say makes more business sense. Employee demands such as a flexible business has done nothing for training. Employers are much more reluctant to invest their time and money into employers who they are not sure will continue to work for them. This was obvious in the Hospital case study where there was an unwritten rule that if you had proven to be a loyal casual employee and worked up a fair amount of hours then the casuals would be given the same opportunities as the permanent workers. statistics show that full time employees received more training than did those who worked part-time. It has also be shown that casuals are more likely to work in lower skilled occupation while permanent employees worked in more highly skilled occupations. With out a doubt, the statement that job casualisation and outsourcing has a negative impact on training is a very accurate one.Please note that this sample paper on training is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on training, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on training will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality. Order your authentic assignment and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!

ANALYSIS OF SCOUT

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Scout is childish and immature. In the first chapter, her reaction that the event that lead to the loss of Jem's arm was the expulsion of the Indians from the area. "I said that if he wanted to take a broad view of thing, it really began with Andrew Jackson. If General Jackson hadn't run the Creeks up the creek, Simon Finch would never have paddled up the Alabama, and where would we be if he hadn't?"(Pg ) Later in Chapter three, she also attempts to beat up Walter in revenge for making her start off on the wrong foot at school, which is a very childish way to solve methods. "Catching Walter Cunningham in the schoolyard gave me some pleasure, but when I was rubbing his nose in the dirt Jem came by and told me to stop." (Pg 8) Her childish retorts with Calpurnia and her asking Atticus to dismiss Calpurnia also shows her immatureness. "I told Calpurnia to just wait, I'd fix her one of these days when she wasn't looking I'd go off and drown myself in Barker's Eddy and then she'd be sorry"(pg 0) "staying behind to advise Atticus of Calpurnia's iniquities was worth a solitary sprint past the Radley Place" (pg 1). When Scout is unable to understand the change in attitudes of both Atticus and Calpurnia on her arrival home from school, she conclude that Atticus has merely "forgotten my noontime fall from grace" (pg 4) and Calpurnia has seen the errors of her way when she bent down to kiss Scout."She had wanted to make up with me, that was it. She had always been too hard on me, she had at last seen the error of her fractious ways, she was too stubborn to say so." (pg 5) Scout did not care whatever Miss Maudie did, she felt that since she never told on them and not interested in their private lives, "She was our friend" (Pg 50). This shows the innocence, glorious directness and honesty that Scout had as a child. Scout is very innocent and childlike and unable to understand that Jem has gone to get his trousers back because of pride and consideration, while Scout thinks that he just wants to avoid being beaten because it is painful. 'Mr Nathan's gonna find ‘em in the morning, Jem. He knows you lost ‘em. When he shows ‘em to atticus it'll be pretty bad, that's all there is to it. Go' n back to bed.' ‘That's what know…That's why I'm goin' after'em…You'll get your head shot off, Jem. Please…Atticus ain't ever whipped me since I can remember. I wanta keep it that way." (Pg 6) During the fire, Scout also shows her innocent view of her father to be a superhero, all powerful and may be able to stop the world ending when she asked " ‘Why aint he on top of one of the houses?' ", "You think we oughta make him get our stuff out?' (Pg 76.) "Atticus…knew everything(pg 8)and "The world's endin', Atticus! Please do something -!". She has told us that her father is omniscient and omnipotent.Scout is also insensitive at times. She was unable to sense Dill's unwillingness to talk to much about his own father and had to be told by Jem not to ask too much. "‘I haven't got one.' ‘Is he dead?' ‘No…' ‘Then if he's not dead you've got one, haven't you?" Dill blushed and Jem told me to hush…" (Pg 14). Later in Chapter three she also embarrasses Walter by commenting on his table manners when he poured syrup on his meal. "But he's gone and drowned his dinner in syrup… He's poured it all over" (Pg 0)

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Scout is very bold in expressing her view and rebellious, as we can see when she commented on Walter's table manners despite two warning looks from Atticus, and retorted to Calpurnia and in her asking Atticus to Atticus to dismiss Calpurnia. "Atticus shook his head at me" (pg ) "Atticus shook his head at me again" (pg 0) She also refused to take out the gum from her mouth till she was threatened by Jem that he would tell on her. "'Ain't neither, it'll take the taste outa my mouth.' "You don't ‘n I'll tell Calpurnia on you"(Pg )Scout is very literal and innocent. With her misinterpretation of the word ‘upright' in her description of old Mr. Radley, we can also see that Scout is very literal. "Miss Stephanie Crawford said he was so upright he took the word of God as his only law and we believed her, because Mr Radley's posture was ramrod straight." (Pg 17-18). Scout is also very innocent and naïve when she "did not realize that Jem was offended by my contradiction him on Hot Steams, and that he was patiently awaiting an opportunity to reward me. He did.."(Pg 4), till Jem took his revenge on her. However, there was a loss of innocence in Scout , when she started to learn how to be tactful, and lied to Atticus "I said I would like it very much, which was a lie, but one must lie under certain circumstances and at all times when one can't do anything about them" (pg 14) about how she would very much like Aunt Alexandra to stay when the opposite is true.Scout also has prejudices against people. As we can see when she labeled people, defining them by their surname, and talked as if they belonged to a group with certain characteristics and was not an individual, first in School to Ms Fishers of Walter, "…he's a Cunningham" (Pg 6) and then at home to Cal of Walter "he ain't company, Cal, he's just a Cunningham" (Pg 0), showing how she had not outgrow the prejudice of Walter which she had initially.Later she also gives the explanation of Burris's rudeness to Ms Fisher as "He's one of the Ewells" (Pg )When Scout gave her criticism of the education system, which provided her only with "twelve years of unrelieved boredom"(Pg ) , we can see that she is very crictical and skeptical about the education, "the remainder of my school days were no more auspicious than the first. Indeed, they were an endless Project that slowly evolved into a Unit, in which miles of construction paper and wax crayon were expended by the State of Alabama in its well meaning but fruitless efforts to teach me Group Dynamics" (Pg 8), concluding it to be useless and a practical waste of resource. She also states that Atticus who never went to school "knew everything". Scout is violent and easily provoked. She feels that violence is the key to solving a problem. She attempts to beat up Walter in revenge for making her start off on the wrong foot at school "Catching Walter Cunningham in the schoolyard gave me some pleasure, but when I was rubbing his nose in the dirt Jem came by and told me to stop." (Pg 8), and also beats Dill up twice when he fails in his duties as a fianc. "He staked me out, marked me as his property, said I was the only girl he would ever love, then he neglected me. I beat him up twice but it did no good, he only grew closer to Jem." (Pg 47) Scout beats up Cecil Jacobs when he announced in the schoolyard that her dad defended niggers. "I soon forgot"(Pg 80) Scout also beats up Francis when he insults both Dill and and Atticus and provoked her beyond endurance. "This time, I split my knuckle to the bone on his front teeth. My left impaired, I sailed in with my right but not for long." (Pg 0). From how she fights boy without fear, and argues with people, we can also tell that she is confident._DO NOT STEAL_! FELICIAs COPYRIGHT!

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THE VIOCES OF CHANGE—OR LACK THERE-OF

If you order your cheap custom paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on THE VIOCES OF CHANGE—OR LACK THERE-OF. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality THE VIOCES OF CHANGE—OR LACK THERE-OF paper right on time.

Out staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in THE VIOCES OF CHANGE—OR LACK THERE-OF, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your THE VIOCES OF CHANGE—OR LACK THERE-OF paper at affordable prices with cheap custom writing service! We live in an era in which music is one of the most powerful forces available to those wanting to initiate social change. Music is a medium for philosophy, which potentially spreads very quickly from culture to culture, especially today with the internet, and the growing popularity among mainstream audiences for multi-cultural music. More and more, mainstream music is becoming eclectic of many culturally different kinds of music, as "through the conduits of commercial culture, music made by aggrieved inner-city populations in Canberra, Kingston, or Compton becomes part of everyday life and culture for affluent consumers in the suburbs of Cleveland, Coventry, or Cologne" (Lipsitz, 4).

However, because mainstream music is governed by capitalist business people, mainly in the United States, it is difficult for philosophies of any controversial or subcultural significance to find their way into the mainstream rotation. As a result, artists who want to "make it big" find it difficult to do so without "selling out"hiding or denying their cultural identities and camouflaging or ignoring issues they find important in order to please the people capable of making them famous. Also, society loses out, because with the musical front being one of the few major means of sharing philosophies and convictions, if it is being starved of most or all significant content, all society is left with is a set of shallow values and short-sighted, self-centered attitudes.

In his book, Dangerous Crossroads, Lipsitz gives an example of a band from a third-world country which attemptedand succeededto make mainstream rotation in Britain and America. In 18, a reggae band called Musical Youth, made up of all adolescent boys, released their version of a song called, "Pass the Kouchie." The song originated from a band called the Mighty Diamonds; they adapted it from an older song called, "Full Up." In "Pass the Kouchie," the Rastafarian tradition of passing the kouchie is celebrated. This ritual consists of passing around a pipe used for smoking marijuana, called a kouchie. The significance of this ritual lies in Rastafarian religious beliefs that the natural herb, "ganja," was given by Jah, their god, for them to take in in order to blot out the oppressions suffered by the Jamaican people (Lipsitz, 4). The main line threaded throughout the song asks, "How does it feel when you've got no food?"; the answer comes "Pass the kouchie…." To this day, the song is strongly associated with resistance to oppression by black nationalists (Lipsitz, 4).

When musical youth decided to cover the song and attempt to take it to mainstream audiences, their manager, Peter Collins, and the record company they signed with, demanded that they change the song first, because of its questionable content. Thus the word "kouchie" was changed to "dutchie," which is a pot used for cooking. As a result, all the depth of the song was lost; the answer to the question symbolic of oppression became "one-dimensional and literal" (Lipsitz, 8), rather than symbolic of resistance from and rebellion to oppression, as was the answer in the original version. The reasons behind this change were strictly businessthere was money to be made if the song was to make it to mainstream music scene, and the marketers knew that the only way for that to happen was if the song was stripped of controversial content (allusions to an illegal practice by a controversial subculture). In the process, it was also stripped of its cultural and societal significance.

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Lipsitz argues that this form of selling out was justifiable; because rather than denying their identities, the boys of Musical Youth were merely camouflaging them, in order for their culturally-significant song to be introduced to widespread audiences. As a result, aspects of Rastafarian culture were introduced to masses of people who may have otherwise been ignorant of these people. Thus, he claims that multi-cultural music, even in its sold-out form is important for mainstream markets, because it potentially educates otherwise ignorant people of cultures they might not have heard of (Lipsitz, ).

But one must consider, with the lyrics to the new version of the song becoming so covert in terms of their cultural significance, how can an entirely ignorant audience be expected to pick up on the subtleties in the song and thus become educated on this culture? The truth is, the song was changed in order for it to be turned into a commodity and ensure its popularity; and hence, bring in a profit. Consequently, the questionable though culturally significant material in the song was removed or hidden to the point that audiences remained ignorant of it. It served no purpose concerning the education of its audiences, but no thought was given to this issue, because that was not the intention behind bringing the song into mainstream rotation.

Music that originates in the United States, the pop culture capital of the world, and becomes highly popular is starved of any kind of real social significance as well, which is highly evident by top forty charts, record sales, and television shows like Total Request Live, on Music Television. This show consists of the most popular music videos, which are voted for online by pop culture's biggest audience todayadolescent music listeners. Kids go on the internet or call an eight-hundred number to vote for their favorite songs/videos, then the show shows each of them in order in the form of a countdown. Hence, it is a perfect means of observing what the most popular music consists of in today's society, to the people who will someday soon be society's major members and leaders.

Upon observing a recent episode of the show, it became clear that the songs voted for make no mention of the social problems in existence, nor any kind of social reform. They present values that are shallow and existential. The very fact that "Pass the Kouchie" had to be stripped of its cultural significance in order for it to be mainstreamed shows how shallow the industry is.

Ironically, mainstream marketers are the most powerful people in the music industry in terms of their ability to bring to public attention important societal and world issues. They decide what will become popular culturewhat mass audiences will be exposed to. Because of the massive amounts of people exposed to popular culture, "in its most utopians, popular culture offers a promise of reconciliation to groups divided by differences in power, opportunity, and experience. Commercial culture puts people from diverse backgrounds in contact with one another, creating contrasts that can call attention to existing social divisions as well as to the potential for eventual unity and community."

Unfortunately, these capitalist marketers do not make use of the status and power of their positions for the betterment of the social conditions of the world. As it seems, quite obvious at this point, the perhaps most powerful people in the world are only interested in monetary profitsno matter what the social costs or losses.

So, if the most powerful people one of the most powerful industries in the world refuse to do anything to further the knowledge of various dire social conditions throughout the world, what can be done? It is up to the artists themselves, and those who have retained education about these social conditions, to educate everyone else and thus help instigate social changes. It seems that the people who attempt to do this are only those that are members of societies in which the circumstances are highly devastating. But these are also the places in which mainstream rotation access is not centered, such as Fela Kuti from Nigeria (Lipsitz, 140). Perhaps it will take equally harsh circumstances in places like Britain and the United States before the voices of oppression and revolution will be heard, and everyone can be educated and employed to take action in the fight for worldwide social justice.

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Airplanes

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Ever since I was little I have always been fascinated by the power of mother-nature especially with hurricanes. It blows my mind the amount of destruction a hurricane can cause. It amazes me as I look back at the previous hurricanes we have had in the past years and looking its effects it left behind in magazines. I saw pictures of destruction. What is a hurricane? A hurricane is a severe tropical cyclone originating in the equatorial regions of the Atlantic Ocean or Caribbean Sea or eastern regions of the Pacific Ocean, traveling north, northwest, or northeast from its point of origin, and usually involving heavy rains leading to mass destruction. For some people a hurricane is a feeling of insecurity, emergency, and a time of uncertainty. For other people it may serve as a thrill or over whelming experience. To me it is not insecurity but more as an adventure anticipating to see its outcome and to see its effects to see how mother-nature can be.

My very first encounter with a hurricane was when I was very young in age. Watching the television, listening to the radio, you're expecting nothing but natural disaster. Monstrous headlines running across the front page of the newspaper send a bombshell through my head and chills running from tip to bottom. The chills are similar to as if it was a frightening nightmare. It's a feeling of curiosity and awe as I feel eager to how it really is and what goes on and how the outcome is going to turn out. I always looked at storms as like fairy-tail like monsters destroying everything in its path. Its lightning produces monstrous sounds of rage similar to the roaring of a race car engine.

The first time of actually having a hurricane occurring gave me a heart pounding experience and sudden burst of adrenaline running through my body. I didn't know exactly what to expect. All I knew was what I head about it. After all the immense anticipation the hurricane has finally arrived. All the headlines have finally become reality at a near glance. I was relaxing in my bed until I heard deafening thunder crackling in my ear. My initial response was to grab my blanket and to cover my body from this horrible creature. As the storm went on it seemed like my heart was beating right with it. Rain began pounding on the roof aggressively determined to break inside. The fast and swift wind gusts running against my window remind me of the sound of ghosts in scary movies, which frightens me even more. At this point, being so frightened it was impossible to remove my blanket from me. It was like stuck on me and you couldn't take it away. Now wanting it to all go away it felt as if it was going forever. As I peak through my blanket my whole room is illuminated by the powerful lightning. I then went to the window and looked at it as it lit the whole street and sky up in blue. Then I finally fell asleep finally spared from the torture. I enjoy the feeling of scarcity, it's a big rush of adrenaline, not knowing what to expect is a big thrill for me.

The following morning I woke up with a feeling of excitement but at the same time it was disaster. I was surprised to look outside to see the street is flooded as if the ocean just dumped water on my door step. Fallen trees and broken branches covered the whole street. The power was out for like a few days before it came back on. We had to use candles and flashlights as a source for light. School was cancelled. My parents didn't have to go to work. This adventure has not come that often. It was certainly a big thrill to experience. Mother-nature never fails to thrill me. Maybe one day when I am older it won't serve as such a big thrill.

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International Manager

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[1] Out of the old, into the new

At this point of time, we are at a stage where modern business management and global organisations have become synonyms with each other. Though the word ‘International Business' exited many years ago, its application and presence has been noticed only since a few years ago. Multinationals like IBM, GE, Motorola and many more are carrying out business in more than 50 countries. Even small and medium sized companies are getting involved in globalisation. Skilled manpower being the most crucial resource for success in carrying out the strategies, there is involvement of interaction and movement of human resource across national boundaries.

This essay hereon would throw light on what the abilities and skills required by a manager to perform efficiently in another country. It has its implications mostly on workforce upon one particular group of individual's i.e. expatriate staff. Also, included is the social and business culture in India, for expatriates from foreign countries, with analysis from a few authors mentioned in books & websites, and added personal experience.

[] Highlighting the need for a competent executive

Human resource management deals with recruitment and more importantly selecting the right people for the right job. Since management today is highly multi-cultural, national population have become more heterogeneous and less isolated, consumer varieties and demands are on a rise and there is an upward movement towards a global marketplace . Expansion, diversification, joint ventures, subsidiaries, mergers, acquisitions have all been merged with routine business practices. This brings about collaboration between two or more companies, also countries which possess two distinct organizational cultures. These kinds of situations require utility of multicultural skills to enhance the management systems. Investors from abroad bring along, not only capital but also buy companies, resorts and seek partners in the other country. Cut-throat competition further emphasizes the importance of an effective manager who can enhance the competitiveness of the organization (Harris, P. & Elashmawi, F., 1).

[] What makes a successful manager?

Employees in an organization are the most important resource and are considered assets of the firm. KSA's (Knowledge, Skills, and Ability) of employees are features that organisations dig for in them. These are those assets that cannot be mimicked, duplicated and are hard to find. Competent managers are those who possess global (cultural, political, economic), business (competition) and personal (individual knowledge) skills. Strategy of any entity to some extent does revolve round ‘Think global, act local' (Kidwell, 00).

Multicultural competent managers are those who think beyond local perceptions, eliminating old mind shifts and replacing them with new ideas and thoughts. Adoptions of new situations, lifestyles, languages etc are features that categorize efficient managers. Similarly, effective performance in a new environment, flexibility in dealing with diversity in people and thereby creating an optimistic and feasible scenario for the forth coming events makes one a successful performer in another nation. Another important characteristic that cannot be ignored is to seek cultural synergy between and among the different systems and strategies involved (Simons et. al., 1).

Cultures even though passed from generations have evolved with time, and changes that emerge gradually have significant impact on them. These changes are based on economic, social, political and technological factors. However, a few things those are considered bad or illegal are nevertheless similar in other countries and likewise, some considered good or ethical are just the same elsewhere. But, it is also true that there are significant changes in different cultures. It is for this manager to prove his/her competence by evaluating the differences and similarities in both countries and making decisions accordingly, that will enhance his/her role as a manager.

[4] Managers in cross border business arena

What is it that an expatriate has to consider while entering a new firm? Mission, strategy, objectives, vision, cultural synergy, co-managers, boss, colleagues and a few more critical issues that immediately relate to his/her performance. There is certainly more to this. A few other issues are not given enough importance but are equally important. Optimum use of time, listening habits, body language that conveys almost 80% of the message including manners and mannerism, ethical issues in contracts, humour across frontiers are critical enough to go un-noticed.

It thus makes it evident that expatriates do face problems in a different country, not just their individual issues but also family and other social areas of concern that include depression, loneliness, stress and many such mental traumas. In other words, the environment is perceived to be more aggressive to foreign culture and conducive to the domicile culture.

According to Parks et. al., (18), expatriates are generally regarded as a hybrid group, in which they tend to be traditional full-time workers but in the international assignment, they represent a temporary contingent work relationship.

[5] Adapting to Indian Culture

(5.1) Overview of the Indian Culture

In 188, the then Prime Minister of India, Late Rajeev Gandhi had paved way for globalization and opened doors to Americans businesses. Since, The US has become India's largest trading partner with a two-way trade of around $4billion annually (Harris & Moran, 16).

‘Made in Japan', ‘Made in USA' and such other tags are those that are commonly seen on products sold in India.

India being a highly multi-cultural country has lots to learn about and study. If one knows the culture of India, it is very possible to make tentative predictions in relation to its outcome and behaviour with a high degree of accuracy. But, it is also true that there are changes that are taking place with time. Cultures within organisations are different in different companies.

While honesty, sensitivity, optimism, risk taking attitude are highly appreciated, the laid back attitude, procrastination, negligent law, that are a few cultural drawbacks. The following topics describe in detail the individual attitudes and behaviour patterns.

(5.) Social & Business Culture

Loyalty is the most appreciated attribute in Indian Business Culture. Indians prefer working in teams, which they would refer to as ‘One Family', not always useful though. There is lot more than just performance at workplaces; it includes social gatherings after work, with the entire family being a part of the event. This attitude sometimes leads to biased and hasty business decisions taken over the dinner table. Expatriates would generally have no problems if prior networking is done in India, since most of decisions are based not always on merit but due to some other social relation.

Often business deals are initiated and closed by the ‘shake of hands' and through verbal commitments. Documenting agreements is not very common especially where low capital is involved. Trust is an important factor. A common phrase would be, "I am selling this to you only because I promised you, although I am not making much profit out of this deal". Indians generally stick to their commitments even if made verbally. Similarly, contracts take long to get initiated, because ‘Bargaining Power' is a characteristic, businessmen generally possess. Even, a CEO of the Indian origin would believe in bringing this power to practise, in order to get a good deal.

Lawyers are required in any country for business contracts for documentation, especially in case of International businesses. But, organisations generally avoid, settlement through lawyers. The reason being, files with court cases in them only pile up higher with time, having no outcome or solution. Hence, there is conciliation in contracts or if ever taken to court, may not get resolved for years together.

‘Status' and ‘Self Esteem' are other issues that are of major concern. Though treated equally; for success, effective and 100% performance is crucial, hence, criticisms and weaknesses in employees are put forth in person rather than in public. Mocking and sarcasm is another aspect Indians dislike particularly in public. This is an important aspect managers would have to keep in mind. Low at tone though, comments made in public could sometimes lead to resignation by the employee. This in turn could have a negative impact thereby losing skilled and important staff. Indians also do not take pride in labour jobs like cleaning. For example executives and top level managers would not prefer making their own coffee, transferring documents from one place to another or even taking a photocopy. Indian companies generally employ ‘peons' to do such activities for their bosses.

In India, ‘Punctuality' is not given that much importance as compared to other countries. Like in case of a western culture, meetings scheduled for particular time do start without delay. ‘Time Management' is taken care of, but in India practised differently to some extent. Humour in India calls this ‘Indian Standard Time', which means reaching the desired destination atleast an hour late. This factor however, is changing and shifting towards respect and realising that time cannot be replaced as rightly quoted ‘Once lost, lost forever'.

Richard Lewis (001), states that the reasons for achievement are certainly good effort, but when it comes to failure or results lower than expected; mostly it's the destiny that is blamed. This encourages individuals to accept more risks and invite challenges. Indians believe in destiny and generally take failures in their stride.

In relation to speech, it is advisable if the expatriate would know one of the languages usually used like Hindi, Marathi, certainly not with his higher level colleagues, as communication is mostly carried out in English. To make interaction comfortable with other employees and staff, minimal acquaintance to one of the other languages is crucial. The national language is Hindi, but very rarely used, mostly by the public sector companies.

[6.0] Conclusion

Today, the world demands a more culturally sensitive management. Hence, analysing and evaluating cultural issues is important in many aspects, both in single-country and multi-national settings, also cultures prevailing within different organisations. Culture has been altering with time. The social and business cultural features about India include a few that existed a few years ago and still existing in a few firms with changes in many others.

Expatriates would face culture shock, is highly predictable but Indians being helpful in nature would definitely make them feel more comfortable, moderately. This culture shock not only refers to executive but also, a matter of concern is his/her spouse and children. Adapting to the different culture is not as simple as it sounds. It is more than just changing ones lifestyle temporally. Also, repatriates, though back to their home country have a possibility of facing the same issues.

Just like different countries have different cultures, so do organisations within a nation, posses different cultures in them. Hence, on transfer to another country, it's not just the country analysis, but also is the company culture that is to be studied.

[7.0] References

Harris, P. & Elashmawi, F., (1), Multicultural Management New Skills for Global Success, Golf Publishing Co., Houston.

Harris, P. & Moran, R., (16), Moran Managing Culture Differences, rd ed., Gulf Publishing, Houston, Texas.

Kidwell, 00, Strategic Context of IHRM & Inter-Cultural Issues and IHRM, Notes made available in the lecture.

Lewis, R., 001, When cultures Colide Managing successfully across Cultures, nd ed., Nicholas Brealey Publishing, London.

Parks, J., et all, 18, Fitting Square Pegs into Round Holes Mapping the domain of contingent Work Arrangements onto the Psychological Contract, Journal of Organizational Behaviour, pp. 67-70.

Simons, M., 1, Transcultural Leadership Empowering the Diverse Workforce, TX Gulf Publishing Co., Houston

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Satire

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Soon, very soon now, the American people will be able to stand tall, to hold their heads high, to be truly proud to be Americans, a people who have supported their President and accomplished the goals which he so eloquently expressed, to free Kuwait and restore their former government to power. We wait in eager anticipation for the moment when the exiled Emir, so ruthlessly expelled from his throne by S. Hussein of Iraq, once again takes his rightful position on the throne of Kuwait. Swept back to his throne on a wave of blood and treasure of brave Americans who have so gallantly fought for him and his family, he will once again be able to deposit his daily income of $15,000,000.00, only one-half of the daily oil revenues from the Kuwait oil fields. He is of course entitled to his 50% of the oil revenues; the other 50% which goes to the people of Kuwait makes them among the highest per capita income group in the world. And we must and do understand that the Emir truly needs this 15M per day income to maintain his Eastern Potentate lifestyle, supporting his 50 woman harem and his personal fleet of several customized Boeing 747 aircraft to whisk him, his servants and his harem around the world. Our sacrifices as Americans, the dollars we have spent, the lives of our people which have been lost will pale to insignificance when we know that once again the Emir can enjoy in peace and tranquility the nuptial blessing of the fifty woman harem which he so richly deserves. As we wave our flags in pride to welcome the Emir back to his throne we must also remember the very real personal sacrifices and risks which our beloved President George Bush has taken upon himself in making the freeing of Kuwait and re-installation of the Emir possible. We must praise the Presidents wisdom and his willingness to recognize justice and his desire to be fair to all. We can only give thanks to our God that President George Bush was willing to condemn Iraq for its invasion of Kuwait and call for the punishment of S. Hussein for this deed in transgression of international law knowing full well that he risked punishment for breaking the same international law for his invasion of Panama and the slaughter of 4000 Panamanians. We must praise the President for this very unselfish personal risk he has taken to support international law and establish a new world order. Nor should we forget a secondary risk the President runs in his calling for punishment of S. Hussein for invading a foreign country. Our beloved ex-President Ronald Reagan, Gods blessing to America and President Bushs friend and mentor, could also face punishment for his transgressions of international law for his invasion of Grenada. ( In fairness however, we can be sure that punishment would not be enacted on Ronnie if he could not, which is a high probability, remember the event at all!) We must applaud our Presidents willingness to run these risks to himself and to his friend, President Reagan, in order to set things right in the Gulf.

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We would be remiss in our anticipation of our rightful celebration of the Emirs return if we do not place in proper perspective the unworthy, un-American and ungodly statements and positions which have been taken by the protesters to this war which is truly a just war in celebration of Americas commitment to truth and justice. The protesters do not, of course, understand this as they make statements such as no blood for oil or point out that America stands for democracy not feudal monarchies as represented by the Emir or state that Americas beginning was marked by the defeat of a feudal monarch, the King of England, and the expulsion of his rule from these shores.

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Othello vs Wuthering Heights

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The real victims of the green eyed monster in Othello and Wuthering Heights are those who feel the jealousy rather than those on whom revenge is taken.The obvious victims in Wuthering Heights are those on whom revenge is taken. They are manipulated, hated and abused. But their suffering is only temporary, and each of the characters escape in some form or another. Thus the victims are those who feel the jealousy, namely Othello, and Heacthcliff. Each of these characters destroy their own lives as a consequence of taking revenge.Othello is at first a calm, controlled, military man who makes rational decisions " Let him do his spite; My services which I have done the signiory shall out-tongue his complaints" and he is admire d by his superiors, referred to by the Duke as Valiant Othello" Our first impression of Heathcliff is not so favorable, he is described as a ‘ dirty, ragged, black haired child" But later in life he leaves Wuthering Heights and improves himself. As Nelly says " He has grown a tall, athletic, well formed man…his countenance…was intelligent.. and his manner was even dignified."

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He had created a new and better life for himself, away from Wuthering Heights but is drawn back by his love for Catherine.. But she is married to Edgar and Heathcliff's jealousy of Edgar takes him over and control him, making him ruled by passion and revenge. His revenge extends to other members of the Linton and Earnshaw clans and we even see his vengeful passion directed at Cathy, his great love Catherine's daughter "at this point he seemed ready to tear Catherine into pieces." Othello is also ruled by the same passion that stems from jealousy which we can see in a similar outburst he makes, about Desdemona his former true love " I'll tear her all to pieces!".We can see the extent to which he has degenerated from his calm self through his language. From the eloquent and controlled way he spoke to everyone, such as addressing the senators as" most grave , noble and reverend signiors', he becomes crude and passionate, exclaiming to Desdemona " O lewd minx !". He not only degenerates mentally but also physically, as he is seen having fits, and spiritually because he is prepared to deviate from the strong Christian social conventions of the time, and commit the sin of murder. So, he ruins his entire life, destroying his mind, his body, his morality and social standing all from the passion derived from his jealous.Likewise, Heathcliff life is also the ultimate victim of his own revenge. He is angry with Hindley for the misery Hindley caused him when Heathcliff was a boy. He suceeds in his revenge against Hindley, owning all his property and gains control over his son Hareton. Heathcliff is able to corrupt Hareton, letting him run wild and uneducated. But although this provides him with some satisfaction, his association with Hareton only serves to torment Heathcliff further, as he himself admits "his (Hareton) society is of no benefit, rather an aggravation of the constant torment I suffer" because of Hareton's startling likeness to Catherine and the fact that as Heathcliff himself says " Hareton seemed a personification of my youth" which remind him of what he has lost whilst in the pursuit of revenge.His treatment of Catherine also goes sour for the same reason, she only serves to reminf him of her mother, who he lost in the pursuit of revenge.The loss of Catherine is cause of Heathcliffs torment . Through the first half of the book the idea that he and Catherine are twin soulss is constantly prented, both by him and Catherine, who says " I am Heathcliff". They feel they cannot exist without each other. Catherine says "But Heathcliff through his actions towards Catherine after his return, forces her to make a choice, and in the end she carries out her own petty revenge, declaring ‘ I'll try to break their hearts by breaking my own". And so she dies, leaving Heathcliff alone in the world without his other half, a victim of the jealousy that drove him to instigate her decision.Edgar, the object of Heathcliff jeaouly, is only a victim for a temporay time. He loses Catherine but is " too good to be thoroughly unhappy long. Time brought resignation and a melancholy sweeter than common joy."He loves Cathy and lives a mostly enjoyable life, toubled slightly by the confrontations with Heathcliff over Cathy and Linton but Cathy tells him that " she should be happy with young Heathcliff" and Edgar "died peacefully .. and entirely without a struggle"Cassio, the object of Othello's jealousy is also only a victim for a temporary time. He escapes his assasination attempt and is promoted past his lost position, to Othellos job, as is told to Othello by Lodovicio " Your power and command are taken of and Cassio rules in Cyprus."Desdemona is a victim of Othello's jealousy because she is murdered by him. But she has managed to escape the torment his revenge was causing her, with her morals and beliefs still intact which we see as she dies, her last words are in response to the question " Who hath done this deed ?" but instead of revealing Othello of the killer, she absolves him of the crime by saying " Nobody but myself". She has remaind true to her lord, has protected him and remained faithful to him, which was central to her belief and morals. Shakespeare has used lots of angel images associated with Desdemona " O the more angel she (Desdemona)" which leaves the reader with the sense she will go to heaven. She will go there with her morals intact, so in a sense she has escaped and will be happy.Isabella Linton escaped from Heathcliff, who tormented her and trapped her in Wuthering Heights. She begins a new life in London and repairs the relationship with her brother that Heathcliff's marriage to her caused. She dies at the end with Edgar by her side and with the knowledge he will try and care for her son. Although her life was irreparably changed, she escaped her tormenter and is free and reconciled with her brother and the end, thus no longer a victim of Heathcliff's revenge.Cathy's life is also irreparably changed by Heathcliff's revenge against her father and his family. She is removed from her childhood, her inheritance taken, she is forced to marry an uncaring, spoilt brat, she almost never sees her dying father again and she must live in a house with nothing to do and no-one to care.. Here is seems she is a real victim of Heathcliff revenge , unlikely to ever find happiness again. But then she finds love with her cousin Hareton.Hareton had grown up with Heathcliff as his only role model, and ironically admires him despite the fact Heathcliff is the cause of his uneducated status as a servant, having deprived him of his inheritance and even of the chance to live a happy childhood. He seemed destined to live his life as a servant unaware of what Heathcliff had deprived him of. But then he found love with Cathy.Cathy and Hareton's love for one another sets the tone for the end of Wuthering Heights. We see they have finally escaped Heathcliff's, revenge, they are no longer victims, but are happy together, as Lockwood observes " They are afraid of nothing, together they would brave Satan and all his legions". Their property has been to returned to them and they are socially accepted. Othello also ends with a restoration of order. The villain was caught, Cassio reinstated and Othello has died in recompense for his actions. The Senate are being notified and life will soon return to normal in Cyprus.Both stories have ended with all the wrongs caused by the revenge of the protagonist being righted. In Othello, Cassio was reinstated and Desdemona died at least with her morals intact. But Othello sacrificed his morals, along with his mind and body, in the pursuit for revenge and thus he is the only real victim of the green eyed monster.Heathcliff lived eighteen years of torment, with the tools of his revenge, Cathy and Hareton, in the end only serving to torment him further. He sacrificed the improved educated self he had created when he went away, and also his great love, his twin soul, Catherine. Cathy and Hareton on the other hand, find happiness together and are restored to their proper status. The protagonists, those who felt the jealousy are the only real victims.

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Animal rights

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Iams and Procter and Gamble. An investigation taped and recorded by Peta, shows the horrible pain these two companies have put animals through. Not only do they make animals suffer, they animals they have enslaved, have been there for 5 years or more in conditions that are so bad that even the peope who work there complain of the horrible ammonia stench that burns their eyes. Iams and P&G both promised that animals in their studies would never be euthanized, but in Petas investigation they documented the destruction of 7 of the 60 dogs whose muscles were hacked out of their legs. more of them were found dead in their cages several days after the muscle surgery, one of them had been suffering for 11 days prior to her death. If any of these dogs get sick or have broken bones, they are killed rather than treated. This is only 1 labortory, there are dozens of other Iams labs across the country. This is only the beginning... if your heart can take anymore, and there is much more, read on ... www.iamsodead.com This is only one chapter in the book of cruelity by Procter and Gamble. They also have many products in which they use cruel animal testing that is not required by law. Each year, thousands of animals die in P&G labs. If we can decrease sales in all of their products, P&G might decide to use more modern, non-animals test methods used by other companies.Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus suck. The last time I went, I was in the first few rows, and when the tigers came out and I saw the look on their faces I could not help but cry. Everyone around me was amazed at the tigers and I wondered how they could not see the pain that I saw when I looked at these poor animals. The pain is no joke - large animals forced to live in cages that the Animal Welfare Act only requires that they have room to stand up and turn around, yet even these minimal regulations are routinely ignored. Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus are both constantly cited for violations. Furthermore there are no laws for training methods. After years of investigation, Peta had found that there are no kind animals trainers. A former Ringling Bros. employee commented on how the circus treated one animal, she was a sweet little bear that wouldnt hurt anyone, but she had trouble balancing on the hire wire. She was beaten with long metal rods until she was screaming and bloody. She became so neurotic that she would beat her head against her small cage. She finally died. A Hudson News reporter stated that one chimpanzee that was being trained was repeatedly struck with a sturdy club. The thumps could be heard outside the arena building, and the screams further than that. There is no way that these animals would do these tricks if they werent deathly terrified of their trainer. They are being forced to perform and the whips, chains and shackles are a constant reminder of this. Circuses dont have much money, so when an animal is sick, it is seldom seen by a veternarian. More often than not, they fail to provide the animals with simple food and water.The March of Dimes uses your charity money to do cruel animal testing that is not only unnessesary, but for completely useless purposes. They inject alcohol, nicotine, cocaine and other substances into the brains of baby primates, kittans, puppies and many other types of animals, eventhough the dangers of these substances to human babies are well known. This is only the beginning of the pain this company is causing to baby animals - the pictures are shocking. For more information on Petas campaign against the March of Dimes, visit www.marchofcrimes.com/facts.html and find out why these studies can harm human babies as well.

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Please note that this sample paper on animal rights is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on animal rights, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom research papers on animal rights will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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