Divorce

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DIVORCE Divorce rates in the United States have increased

dramatically in the past 5 years. Over 40 percent of the marriages among

young Americans will end in divorce. There is a lot of stress on all the

people involved. The man has to deal with, usually, not seeing his

children, being alone, and the responsibility that is accompanied with

much of the legal process. The wife has to go through, maybe, entering

the work force for the first time. Children are often viewed as a back

burner issue but more often than none they are the center piece of

discussion. The children may begin feeling inadequate around their

friends and even in personal esteem. Feeling like it is their fault they

might get depressed or perhaps even rebellious. Regardless, divorce is an

activity that has become common place in todays family structure,

behavior, and morality. When two people meet and decide their love

is strong enough to carry them to the next level marriage is usually the

out come. Sometimes they decide to have children and sometimes they

dont, but when they do, it usually brings them closer together. All

parents have desires and hopes for their children. The way in which

parents achieve these ends can differ. Researchers do not agree on which

of the child-raising practices is best. But it is known that parents

provide role models for their children and that children rely on their

parents to teach them about the world. When a cultures values and

traditions undergo a rapid change it becomes difficult to decide which

attitudes and beliefs children should be taught. As one researcher has

stated, todays children are the first generation to be raised amid doubt

about the role prescriptions that have long gone unchallenged. This makes

their socialization especially difficult. Traditionally, socialization

was a process of raising the young to fill major roles in society when the

present incumbents vacated them. Yet today we do not know what type of

society our children will inherit, nor the roles for which they should be

prepared. (pp.4) Divorce along married couples is the most

well-documented and studied of the various ways relationships end.

According to Dworetzky Divorce rates in the United States have

increased dramatically in the past 5 years. According to current

assessments, over 40 percent of marriages among young Americans will end

in divorce, of the children born in the last ten years, almost 50 percent

will spend on an average of six years in a one- parent household. Nine

out of ten children will reside with their mothers. Between and

11million school-age children in the United States live in one-parent

families. About one-half of all divorces occur within the first seven

years of marriage with the first two to three years being an especially

vulnerable time period for divorce.(pp.47-6) The actual rate of divorce

may only represent a small amount of the problem. It is unknown how many

marriages end in non legal separations or how many married people stay

together in an empty, essentially dissolved, relationship for the

childrens sake. Of course, you do not have to be married to

experience a separation from a close relationship. If we add to the

official divorce rate the number of cohabitation couples who break up,

those who terminate their engagements to marry, break-up, steady dating

partner, or otherwise bow out of a relationship, several million couples

end intimate relationships each year.(pp.7-8,0) So, why do

people separate? Unmarried couples give us a number of reasons for

separation. In one study, researchers followed over 00 couples for a

three year period. During this period of time, more that one-half of

them ended the relationship. Seventy-eight percent of the men and women

listed boredom as the major reason for the separation.(Kolata pp, 4)

Apparently their romantic, passionate love had lost its power and there

was little else between them. Couples reported other differences in

several areas as caused for breaking up, including differences in

interests, hobbies, outside of the home activities, religion,

intelligence, and education. Almost two-sixth percent of the men and

women felt their sexual attitudes contributed to the separation.

Arguments about the frequency and types of sexual activities became major

barriers to living happily together.(pp.1-160) Among married

couples, similar issues are the reason why people have other problems. An

important wife should stay with in the traditional roles; that is, the

man earns a living and the wife stays home and takes care of the house.

There are conflicts when women begin having different desires. In

addition, when married women work, they are still expected to do more than

their fair share of household and childbearing chores. In effect, they

find themselves with two full time jobs.(pp. 8-104 Understanding)

Conflicts over roles is becoming an important factor in whether married

couples remain together. Separations present two challenges to our

ability to adjust. On one hand we must cope with the additional stress

that enters our lives. Studies of divorced men and women, for example,

provide a number of illustrations of the types of stress to which people

must adjust. Divorced men often find themselves working longer hours to

meet alimony payments. Since courts usually award the mother the custody

of children, men have longer periods of separation from them. Men also

find they dislike spending time alone. Many divorced women find

themselves in the working field for the first time making less money than

their husband did. Feeling helpless, lost, isolated and in a deep state

of depression they soon feel trapped by the children and the new

responsibility put on them. (pp.56-6 Psychology Today) The division to

divorce, the process of a divorce, and the postdivorce adjustment, are all

very stressful. It is not uncommon for the divorced partner to experience

hurt, resentment, and anger. To many people, divorce signifies failure in

an extremely important relationship. Lowwer self-esteem and feelings of

worthlessness and reduction are also common and stress producing results.

If children are involved, the stress can be even greater. Researchers now

believe that the most important influence on the emotional health of

children its the quality of their relationships within their family,

however that family might be structured, according to Robert Every, a

psychologist at the University of Virginia. For example, psychologists

used to think that boys needed their father within the home until at least

age of seven or eight. Now, they have discovered that the physical

presence of a father in the family are warm and supporting adults. This

shift occurred partly in recognition of the changing American family and

the changing demographics of divorce. The focus on relationships also

means that if divorced parents are angry and bitter, children will suffer

and they will suffer more if they are exposed more to the conflict through

joint custody.4(pp.0-46) Parent-child interactions may become

difficult, because the children of divorced families tend to exhibit more

inappropriate behavior that those in intact homes. Many children respond

with anger and fear to divorce. It is also common for children who do

feel guilty or in some way responsible for the divorce and to become

withdrawn and depressed. Most children can adapt to a divorce within a

couple of years, but, if the crisis is aggravated by additional stresses

or conflicts, serious developmental disruptions may result. Whether

children fare well may depend on their temperament, their past experience,

their age, and the support they receive from their parents .5(pp.

18-17) Such parental support is often lacking, because parents are so

wrapped up in their own problems during a divorce that their ability to

function as parents diminishes. Although children may fare well in

single-parent families, the chances increase that they will face problems.

There are many stresses associated with divorce. These include the

disruption of bedtimes and eating schedules, the effects of the parents

emotional state, and the lessening of adult contact. Also, the level of

income in the household usually decreases, and this may produce more

stress. Less income may require the parent to move, which in turn may

cause the child to behave to change of schools or move to a poorer

neighborhood with a higher rate of crime and delinquency.(pp. 170-174)

Divorce is happening every day to couples in the United States. The only

problem, is that the couple thinks they are the only ones going through it

when almost twenty-two percent of adult America is also. When parents get

divorced the children get divorced too. Children and adolescents face a

lot of stress during their lives, but divorce is very confusing, speaking

from personal experience. It can be too much stress to peoples lives

but they also present opportunities to form new relationships and to

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What does Pride and Prejudice reveal about Austen's attitudes to issues of class, wealth and social status?

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Through the wide range of characters in Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice her views on class, wealth and social status are revealed. Jane Austen grew up in Hampshire, from the age of sixteen she would have often been present at dances and visits to other families of the same social class gentry and minor aristocracy. These sorts of gatherings formed a large part of the Hampshire's social scene in a similar way as in Pride and prejudice. Austen's attitudes of class, wealth and social status originate from her own background and experience and this is portrayed in the novel through characters and key events. The first line of the novel clearly reflects Austen's upbringing and beliefs, "It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife." The language used here, ‘universally acknowledged' and ‘must' show that Austen feels that it is a commonly known fact that men with money are always looking for potential wives. This line is mocked throughout the novel as ironically Merryton is a village full of daughters searching for husbands.Mr. Darcy is proud, and he is prejudiced, and like Elizabeth in first half of the novel we dislike him for this. However Darcy's character develops and we see a more gentle and hospitable side to him. Austen makes it clear from the first time Mr. Darcy appears at the Merryton Assembly that he is of a high class and has a great deal of wealth, as she writes, "The report which was in general circulation within five minutes after his entrance, of his having ten thousand a year." This quotation shows Austen's view of society's obsession with wealth and how a judgment could be made on a person according to their income.Mr. Darcy's proposal to Elizabeth reveals to us Austen's awareness of the problems involving the marriage of people from different classes. After Darcy's declaration of his love for Elizabeth Austen goes on to tell us, "His sense of her inferiority of its being degradation-of family obstacles which judgment had always opposed to inclination." This quotation shows that even though Darcy tells Elizabeth he loves her, he also describes the problems that arise from his feelings in terms of her lack of money and social status. We see that Darcy is not good with words, or describing his feelings in a positive way.Austen's views on upper class society are revealed through Lady Catherine De Bough. She represents snobbish upper class society in Pride and Prejudice. She is rude and interfering but gets away with it because of her social status, she is obsessed by her own position in society. When Lady Catherine visits Elizabeth in order to find out if she intends to marry Darcy, we she her character at its worst as she makes it obvious she thinks Elizabeth is inferior in birth and wealth as she says, "What is to divide them? The upstart pretensions of a young woman without family, connections or fortune. Is this to be endured? It must not, shall not be." This quotation shows Lady Catherine's snobbery to its full potential as she openly talks down to Elizabeth and insults her.

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Mr. Darcy is embarrassed by his Aunt Catherine's rude and insulting manner when she suggests Elizabeth can practice the piano in the servant's room. Austen tells us, "Mr. Darcy looked a little ashamed of his Aunt's ill breeding, and made no attempt to answer." Lady Catherine obviously does not think well enough of Elizabeth to let her play on her piano and this is why she suggests the servant's room. This shows that even though Mr. Darcy and Lady Catherine are from the same family and of the same class, they are very different in their mannerisms. This reveals to us Austen's awareness of the differences in upper class society. Lady Catherine cannot imagine the mix of middle and upper class, as we see when she visits Elizabeth in an attempt to make her promise not to accept Darcy's marriage proposal. Whereas Mr. Darcy's views are obviously quite different as he proposed to Elizabeth even though he was perfectly aware of her lack of wealth, class and social status. In a similar way that Mr. Darcy is embarrassed by Lady Catherine's behavior, Elizabeth is embarrassed by Mrs. Bennett's behavior. An example of this is when Mrs. Bennett visits Jane and Elizabeth at Netherfield and contradicts Mr. Darcy over the positive and negatives of town and country life revealing her unsophisticated and simple attitude. Elizabeth says, "He only meant there were not such a variety of people to be met with in the country as in town, which you must acknowledge to be true." In this quotation Elizabeth is clearly embarrassed and tries to defend Mr. Darcy and make her mother agree with him in order to cover up her foolishness. Where Mr. Darcy ‘made no attempt to answer' Lady Catherine, Elizabeth tries to change the subject and hide her mother's folly. Austen reveals to us that upper and middle class society can be very similar in their manners, Lady Catherine and Mrs. Bennett both behave dreadfully in many parts of Pride and Prejudice. Lady Catherine feels she has the right of freedom of speech because of her position in society. Mrs. Bennett however is vulgar and her obsession with marrying off her daughters is the cause for much embarrassment, she speaks freely because she wants to and doesn't care what the consequences of it may be. The Netherfield Ball is a key event in which Austen shows her attitudes towards the divisions incurred from people of different classes, fortunes and social statuses. Most of the events which occur at the Netherfield Ball are cause for much embarrassment for Elizabeth. The first being Mr. Collins decision to introduce himself to Mr. Darcy. When Elizabeth says, "You are not going to introduce yourself to Mr. Darcy?" Mr. Collins replies quite confidently, "Indeed I am. I shall intreat his pardon for not having done it earlier." This shows Mr. Collins' complete lack of propriety, he embarrasses the Bennett family by his introduction which at the time was considered rude and offensive. Next Mrs. Bennett embarrasses Elizabeth yet again when she speaks openly at the dinner table, Austen tells us Elizabeth was, "deeply vexed to find her mother was talking to that one person (Lady Lucas) freely, openly, and of nothing else but of her expectation that Jane would be soon married to Mr. Bingley." Mrs. Bennett shows no self restrain during her conversation, she knows other people are listening but she caries on talking in her usual assumptive manner. After supper Mary then begins to play the piano and sing in her unfeeling fashion and carries on far to long, only stopping when Mr. Bennett intervenes saying, "That will do extremely well, child. You have delighted us long enough." This sarcastic mocking comment is not unusual coming from Mr. Bennett. Elizabeth is extremely aware that Mr. Darcy has observed all of her family in their shameful behavior. It is clear that it is not Elizabeth's position in society that delays Mr. Darcy's falling in love with her, it is the terrible behavior of her family. In conclusion Jane Austen's views on class, wealth and social status are brought out through the behavior of her key characters. The main characters in Pride and Prejudice do not work, they are members of a leisured class, with an exception of Mr. Gardiner. Work is not an option for the young women in the novel, even though they are surrounded by female servants who have no choice but to work. Austen seems to accept this social situation as normal and completely justified. It is clear that Austen has little experience of lower class society as they are never represented in the novel, the lowest social rank we are introduced to, are the housekeepers, but their part in the plot is minor. She shows awareness that mixing of classes in marriage was not highly thought of at the time. However, it is obviously not something she condemns as the heroine of her novel, Elizabeth marries Mr. Darcy. The financial and social differences and therefore problems of their match are clearly highlighted throughout the novel. Bibliography.Austen, J (181) Pride and Prejudice, Penguin Classics.Cavenish, M (186-187) The Great Writers, their lives, works and inspiration, issue 6, Marshall ltd.Butler, M (185) Jane Austen and the War of ideas.Please note that this sample paper on What does Pride and Prejudice reveal about Austen's attitudes to issues of class, wealth and social status? is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on What does Pride and Prejudice reveal about Austen's attitudes to issues of class, wealth and social status?, we are here to assist you. 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Circumventing Foreign Currency Risk

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Foreign currency exchange (FX) rates express the relational value between any two currencies at any point in time. The value of one currency over the other is determined by simple supply and demand. Fluctuations, and appreciation or devaluation of currencies effect trade globally. When it comes to government, Purchasing Power Parity (PPP), and Balance of Payments (BOP) are two methods of evaluating the effects of FX deviations; in the case of foreign companies, domestic companies with foreign interests, and investors of the same, there are mechanisms available to effectively circumventing FX rate risks. Monitoring FX rate changes and relationships daily, and responding accordingly, is paramount in ensuring the well-being of countries, the profitability of companies, and positive yields for investors of foreign companies.

FX rates represent the price of one currency denominated in units of another currency. While it is meaningless to talk of the price of one currency against itself, it is nevertheless possible to measure the changes in the real value of a currency. In essence, inflation and deflation--that is, the change in the price of a fixed basket of goods and services in terms of a single currencyâ€"is the measure of change in the real value of a currency. A currency’s real value is often referred to as its â€purchasing power.” â€Purchasing power parity” (PPP) is said to exist between two currencies when both command the same basket of real goods and services at the prevailing exchange rate. The PPP theorem basically states that, in the long run, the changes in FX rates will equal the relative changes in the purchasing power of the underlying currencies. To illustrate, let’s consider the dollar/pound sterling exchange rate. To simplify the example, it is assumed that at a certain point in time, called the â€base period,” the market exchange rate reflected the â€true” exchange rate. In other words, the exchange rate was such that both currencies commanded the â€same” basket of goods. Assume that in the following period, the average price of that basket of goods increased 10 percent in dollar terms (i.e. the United States experienced an inflation rate of 10 percent, or equivalently, the U.S. dollar lost 10 percent of its purchasing power), and 15 percent in pound sterling terms. In the absence of restrictions on free trading, the theory suggests that the pound should decline 4. percent against the dollar, as implied by the ratio between the U.S. and United Kingdom inflation rates (1.10/1.15 = 0.57). Although, over the long run, actual exchange rates tend to roughly to track the exchange rates implied by the PPP theorem, at times, these rates can diverge substantially. Such deviations can be due either to institutional constraints, which can temporarily prevent the fundamentals from asserting themselves, or simply to the fact that it can sometimes take a long time, even years, for these fundamental forces to influence the behavior of market participants. â€A government that inflates is therefore led to try to manipulate the foreign exchange rate. When it fails, it blames internal inflation on the decline in the exchange rate, instead of acknowledging that cause and effect run the other way.”

In order to understand the forces that create deviations between actual and PPP-implied rates, it is helpful to analyze the supply and demand for a currency using the balance of payments format (BOP). The BOP is a statistical presentation of economic transactions, during a given period, between the residents of one country and those of the rest of the world. By international convention, the BOP is broken down into three accounts current, capital and official settlements. Although, in an accounting sense, the BOP is always in balance, the terms â€surplus” and â€deficit” are used to refer to the net balance of the current and capital accounts portion of the BOP. Other things being equal, the forecast for a BOP deficit implies a declining currency, because it means that during the given period the supply of that currency will exceed the demand. As with any commodity, when supply exceeds demand, the imbalance will create pressures, which force the price to decline until the supply/demand balance is restored. However, if the imbalance is short-lived, such a price adjustment may not necessarily materialize. If the monetary authorities in a given country do not want their currency to decline, because such a development would imply more expensive imports and as a result, higher inflation, they can simply absorb excess supply of that currency through purchases in the FX markets; the purchase or sale of a county’s currency by its central bank is called â€intervention.” Of course, such purchases must be financed through a draw down of reserves. However, unless the BOP deficits are reversed, the exchange rate cannot be protected indefinitely, since reserves will eventually decline to unacceptably low levels, forcing depreciation in the currency. In fact, a sustained decline in reserves is often a red flag, foreshadowing depreciation. Companies and investors, however, do have safeguards that will protect their companies and investments indefinitely.

Whenever a company manufactures in one country and sells its product in another country, the company is susceptible to FX rate risks. To ensure profitability, companies, like governments, must stay informed of intra-day FX changes. This information is not only utilized to make sale price adjustments, but also used in setting foreign costs of production. Unlike government, however, these companies can eliminate FX rate risks, in the same fashion as managers of foreign investment pools. Investing in foreign companies, as well as American companies with foreign interests have the same inherent risks to common stock holders of these companies. Stock portfolios of foreign companies and American companies with foreign interests, most commonly held by mutual or closed end funds, are categorized as â€world,” â€global,” or â€international” funds, and are managed by investment managers that must not only generate profits, but must also minimize losses for its investors. In addition to the obvious losses due to the fall in share values of stocks held by the fund, losses can also be incurred by changes in FX rates. A prudent money manager can avoid FX losses by hedging via currency future contracts and options of the same. Hedging is similar to, what we commonly call, an insurance policy, in that it protects assets; in this case, the assets are foreign stocks and domestic stocks with foreign interests. For example, if a fund holds $1,000,000 of stock in a German company, denominated in Deuche Marks (DM), the fund would sell ten $100,000 DM commodity futures contracts on the Chicago Board of Trade (CBOT); if DMs remained stable by the time the fund sold the stock, the fund would neither lose nor gain on the futures transaction; if DMs, were to lose value versus the U.S. dollar during the stock holding period, the fund would profit on the futures contract and this would offset the currency losses incurred from the sale of the stock; if, on the other hand, DMs rose in value versus the U.S. dollar, the fund would experience a loss on the futures contract, which would, consequently, offset any profits due to currency inflation from the stock sale. Aggressive and knowledgeable fund managers utilize commodity futures markets, not only for hedging, but also as another profit center for the fund. For example, if the fund had sold twenty $100,000 DM contracts, instead of ten, in the above example, the fund would basically have two times the insurance it really needs; the additional $1,000,000 of coverage could be highly profitable to the fund. Profits from futures transactions could far surpass the profits from the actual stock transaction, and are often responsible for elevating the fund’s year-end yield standing well above those funds with the similar investment objectives that are not maximizing on FX opportunities.

Monitoring FX changes and relationships are paramount in ensuring the well-being of countries, profitability of companies, and positive yields for investors of foreign companies. Although governments have two effective methods (PPP & BOP) of evaluating and predicting the effect of changes in FX rates, governments do not have an effective way to protect their currency from appreciating or devaluating, but are at the mercy of large investors and fund managers that are constantly searching the globe for higher yields. Foreign companies, domestic companies with foreign interests, and investors, however, do not share the same fate. With today’s computers, Internet, access to information, and the ability to move capital globally, even the small investor can, not only, capitalize on foreign investment opportunities, but eliminate currency risks as well. Think global for higher yields!

Please note that this sample paper on Circumventing Foreign Currency Risk is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Circumventing Foreign Currency Risk, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on Circumventing Foreign Currency Risk will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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Morrie

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"Television dramas explore a number of issues to which we can relate and they comment on theses issues using verbal and non-verbal language." Discuss how two television dramas explore and comment on issues prevalent in the real world using verbal and non-verbal techniques. Highlight how these texts position you to respond to these issues in a particular way.The guardian produced by David Hollander and the secret life of us produced by Kate Dennis are great examples of a TV drama where by they explore and comment on a number of relative social issues. The Guardian explores and comments on such major issues as institutionalisation, representation of drug addicts and their families and the role of lawyers in society. A vastly different The Secret Life of Us explores and comments on such current social issues as Representation of doctors, their relationships with patients and friendship between different races. Both these texts allowed me to respond and comment in different and significant ways through its different uses of verbal and non-verbal techniques.The guardian has a certain episode that appealed to me. This episode dwelled heavily on institutionalisation, it implied the attitude that prison institutionalises its inmates and does not help them cope or adapt to the growing outside world when released. The text uses such techniques as character construction to portray this message. Mr Grey, a black gentlemen just released from prison reflects this idea. He is revealed to the viewer as having a lack of social skills and that he won't accept his wife's desires for a divorce, he is shown as unable to hold down a job as he assaults a fellow worker. His slight madness, which a naive viewer may perceive is actually a lack of social skills, is highlighted when he physically abuses his lawyer who in fact is trying to help him. Low camera angle shots depict him as powerful, however foreshadows that he could be threatening. His facial expressions change frequently and his voice slowly increases from calm and controlled to aggressive and irritated. Mr grey has body language that conveys him to be neurotic, at one point he appears attentive and calm as he sits and listens to his lawyer explain a particular situation. Yet at other times he paces the room, revealed through a pan shot, raises his voice and intimidates the lawyer by pointing his finger at her. This is a sign of his uncontrollable anger and lack of social skills. This issue of anger is very prevalent and relative in society today. With a man being ‘falsely imprisoned' for twenty years he is bound to come out of prison with a lot of stored up anger. I responded to this by feeling sorry, compassionate and understanding towards Mr Grey, I believe he should be treated with some kind of tolerance and leverage in order to regain his social skills, this will help him to function.Representation of drug addicts and their affected families is also a key issue in the guardian. It takes the attitude that drugs in parents tear apart families and homes. Although drug addiction is self-destructive it also destroys the people around the addict. Camera closes in on Jon's daughters and deep music is played in the background to heighten the tragedy of Lucy's experience in helping her father (Jon) buy and inject drugs. Body language of Jon is used to show the destruction and emptiness of his life, his head is hung low, he sits very slouched and his co-ordination is poor. Jon is constantly sniffing, coughing and breathing heavily. He is very anxious all the time. His verbal language shows his shame as he shifts the blame "I got sick… My wife got cancer… I can be a better man." This shifting of the blame and making empty promises shows his incapability of being a parent, especially a single parent. This whole issue allowed me to think that it would be unfair to allow two girls to be under his control and supervision. I would think that the ‘Burkes' applying for custody of the children should gain this role in order for the best interest of the children. However with a solid and successful rehabilitation Jon should be able to be a frequently be apart of the children's life.

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Lawyers are represented via the protagonist name, the title of the TV drama and the soundtrack. Lawyers are presented as understanding and protect the vulnerable. Fallin (the blonde lawyer) comforts his client. The camera frames the girl on Fallin to reveal the small space that exists between them. The camera is placed behind Fallins' head and then switches to shoot the scene behind Lucys' head. This illustrates that they are listening and absorbing each other. Fallin attempts to confront her, he says "I know and I agree," this was in context to her disappointment of her father. However this is quite a strange thing to say and do as it blows the ‘real' job of a lawyer out of proportion. Lawyers do not go to police crime scene funerals or self investigate, lawyers are presented with evidence and use it to their best ability in order to help their client. Therefor I am positioned only to take no notice and view this particular issue as fictional and frivolous.The Secret Life of Us explores the idea of doctors an their relationship with there patients. It adopts the attitude that doctors can develop a close relationship with their patients. Doctors are presented as people whose patients and the people around them are clinically detached from them. Tony forms a close relationship with Fergus (a young aboriginal boy) suffering from severe pneumonia. Tony addresses Fergus using colloquial language and a friendly tone, "How are you feeling Ferg…How are you little man." He buys him a present to help him cope with his illness and comfort him, this is shown through the mid shots of Tony next to Fergus' bed. He constantly rubs his forehead as a sign of affection. His language is positive, optimistic and encouraging. "I want you to get well… you've got to use your energy and get well." Tony says to Alex (a female associate doctor) "I still have hope." Alex is negative about Fergus' operation. She says using negative language "it doesn't look good," yet Tony returns a strong sense of hope "yes, but the central lines in and its working." Tony runs to Ferguses bedside during Alex's wedding. Juxtaposition of the two settings (wedding and hospital0 highlights Tony's devotion and love towards his patient. Tony is also filmed discussing Fergus at home and on the way home revealing his concern, he also develops a close relationship with Fergus' parents, and breaks the news to Fergus' mother that the pneumonia is severe, he also answers all questions posed to him by Fergus' uncle. This shows that Tony goes beyond his required duty. This allowed me to take a high regard for the medical profession, as I would want a doctor who is actually interested in the welfare and care of his patient.It is shown that the medical is profession is not always fully professional. The representation of doctors shows this. Alex receives a poor report from a doctor who hasn't even worked with her before. It is evident that the doctor is unprofessional and sinister through his lack of etiquette in evaluating Alex' way of duty. When Alex passes him in the hotel corridor slow motion is used to illustrate and exaggerate the tension which exists between them and delineate the doctor as sinister and deceptive as he meets Alex's eyes and sharply looks away. This made me view and respond in a negative way, how could a senior worker mark you if they had never been exposed to your work. This is very unfair and shows me that there are holes in society and the workforce that need to be patched.Through The Secret Life of Us it is known that interracial relationships are around us and able to function. The friendship between an Aboriginal (Kel) and a white Australian (Alex) shows this. The text takes the attitude that Aborigines are not separate from white Australian society. They are a part of it. The text proposed that aborigines and white Australians could live and operate in a single society and form close relationships. This attitude is propagated via the construction of the character Kel and Alex and their interaction. Kel is deeply saddened that Alex is going to reside in London, the middle shot of her in her car slouched against the window, and weather is overcast to add to the tragic mood. Music playing highlights their friendship. A voice over is used to convey Kel's note she leaves to Alex. "I don't want you to go, you've been and inspiration and guide to me, I don't know what ill do with out you." This whole issue is very strong and I was enlightened and responded to think that there is a hope for an anti racist country, also if friendship is this strong in our world there is no need for destruction, war and violence.All TV dramas are supposed to explore and deal with certain prevalent issues in the current society. However some have greater effects than others do. The Guardian and The Secret Life of Us are excellent they deal with many significant issues and allow the viewer to be affected and respond in many ways. This would show the quality of the texts. Throughout both texts I was positioned in many situations which allowed me to respond in different ways and absorb the message and importance of the TV dramas.

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Discuss Management in the Irish Context

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To manage is to forecast and plan, to organise, to command, to co-ordinate and to control. (Fayol, H. 116)Basically, Management is a process of achieving desired results through the efficient use of human and material resources. The concept of Managerial effectiveness is a central issue in Management. It is the Manager's job to be effective.The Irish people attach a high value to good health services. They expect to have access to health services when needed and to receive the highest standard of medical and nursing care. This can be brought about most effectively by good management, including medical and nursing. However, if the personnel / staff in an organisation are satisfied and fulfilled by their role, then the organisation, as a whole, will run smoothly. This essay will look primarily at Personnel Management and how its effectiveness impacts upon the rest of the organisation. Of course, the primary responsibility of the Personnel Manager is the recruitment and retention of staff. Services stand or fall on the contribution of the staff who provide them. An organisation's workforce represents one of its most valuable resources.

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In addition to ensuring that people with the necessary experience are available to the services, a suitable balance must be achieved between the demand for and supply of the many skills needed in a modern health system. Because so many of the skills required are highly specialised and mobile, it is recognised that manpower planning at any level poses difficulties. In specialist areas, the number of people in training and the number of vacancies arising in any one year are often small, the period of time spent in training can be relatively long, so that calculations of need at the beginning of a training cycle are often overtaken by events; many of the skills are in demand internationally and emigration of skilled personnel can upset calculations of predicted supply. Notwithstanding, these difficulties, there is a need to keep the balance between supply and demand under review and a number of important issues need urgent attention. (Shaping a Healthier Future40)At operational level personnel management involves line managers dealing with day to day interactions with employees and handling most aspects of workplace Personnel Management. Line management incorporates all managers and supervisors responsible for running operational departments or sections in an organisation. Every business will succeed or fail depending on a limited and variable number of strategic factors. (Humble, J.W.,17017) The importance of effective management to the nation and the nations economy has grown considerably over the last quarter of a century, even more so in Ireland in recent years, with our Celtic Tiger phenomenon. This has impacted on the nation by the increasing demand for higher living standards, including a better healthcare service.The rapid advance in Information Technology has revolutionised many of the processes by which services are made available to patients/clients. Also the massive improvements in world-wide communication systems, leading to better and more timely information.It has been said that Healthcare in Ireland, in general, has been slow to initiate change. This could be true has healthcare is not a profit making business, therefore the changes in trends and needs of patients may not be apparent. If one was providing goods for the public but they could go somewhere else to get them cheaper or more effective this action would act as feedback to the business, and in turn, change would be brought about. In healthcare, if a patient needs medical attention they have no choice but to go to their local G.P./Hospital.Some managers and indeed staff find change threatening. A manager who is a good communicator and who can overcome any negative resistance to change and ‘sell' it to those affected by it, are assets to their organisation.Because of the rapidly changing nature of health services, all staff need to be aware of the need for continuing education and training. Employee training and development is an important facilitator of satisfactory employee performance, allowance employees to satisfy personal and organisational needs through their work. (Gunnigle, P.; Flood, P., 10154). Irish Nursing for example, enjoys a well deserved international reputation for excellence.Key findings of a survey carried out by the Office for Health Management, the purposes of which was to identify future development needs in the healthcare sector, showed that the majority of persons working in the health services in Ireland feel they have the greatest amount of skill, knowledge and experience in the following areas.᠋ Consumer Care;᠋ Leadership and Managing people;᠋ Group facilitation;᠋ Objective setting;᠋ Change Management.The priority areas that they identified for their career development were-᠋ Strategic Management;᠋ Resource Use;᠋ Project Management;᠋ Data analysis;᠋ Quality Management.The Office for Health Management have staged follow up workshops for participants to discuss the implications of the findings for Management and Development policy. (Office of Health Management Annual Report 000)The Celtic Tiger has also brought about better remuneration packages for workers, but this in turn has lead to pay claims from different disciplines of staff who feel they are not being paid their worth. This, of course, leads to conflict something almost every manager, when working in an organisation as large as a Health Board, will encounter during the course of his or her career.Working together for a better health service provides for a new active relationship in managing change characterised by employee participation and consultation, the development of joint objectives, co-operation and trust and the delivery of patient-focused quality health services. The above is the mission statement of the National Health Services Partnership Agreement. Partnership is seen as an approach to modernisation of public services through engagement of all participants in development of a shared vision of organisational objectives and goals. Partnership committees have been set up in each health board, to ensure the good management and implementation of the agreement.The partnership approach is seen as facilitating adaptability, change and innovation in methods of service delivery and in minimising or eliminating conflict in the resolution of difficulties with the objective of improving the quality of service for those who receive treatment and care from health service providers. One of the key principles underpinning the partnership approach is effective management of people at all levels and performance review.The cornerstone of employee relations is the contractual relationship that exists between an employee and his or her employer, even where aspects of the relationship are subject to collective agreements. (Cole, G.A. 168)Employee relations in Ireland today, is dominated by organisation wide relationships rather than by arrangements made between trade unions and employers' bodies. The emphasis now is less on producing joint procedures and rules of behaviour and more on gaining mutual commitment to organisational success.A well designed organisation usually ensures that managerial effectiveness and only managerial effectiveness, leads to personal rewards. While organisations do vary in the extent, speed and adequacy of rewards for effectiveness, there can be little doubt that, in the long run the effective manager is the rewarded one. The rewards are usually concrete in terms of salary, level of position and advancement rate. (Reddin, W.J.; Kehoe, P.T. 1746)There is evidence that the Health Boards are changing. Hospitals, for instance, are no longer judged by the number of beds they have. There is a link between the volume of a particular type of work a hospital does and the quality of the results that are achieved. That has implications for hospitals, which traditionally served small communities and explains why hospitals outside large cities are forging links with other hospitals so that, by sharing work, they can each achieve the quality standards expected of a modern hospital.In conclusion, in my opinion the Healthcare Services are changing all the time. The Health Services are becoming a more health conscious place to work not only for patients/client but also for staff. The introduction of new posts such as Health Education Officers, Employee Assistance Officers shows that the Management of the Health Boards are conscious of the fact that they not only have a responsibility to the public but also to their staff. The promise of an investment of £,000 million in healthcare facilities over the lifetime of the recently published National Development Plan makes it safe to predict that Ireland will retain it's premier division healthcare status for the foreseeable future.

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What happened to egghead?

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Out staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in What happened to egghead?, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your What happened to egghead? paper at affordable prices with custom writing service! From Egghead to Egghead.com its no yolk so let us eggsplain!Introduction and Background

Egghead Software was founded in 185 in Spokane, Washington. Egghead was a well-respected retailer of computer software. Egghead enjoyed a period of incredible growth, with wide brand recognition with the quirky character, Professor Egghead.Eggspansion

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Rapidly expanding from the original store in 185 to over a hundred stores in 188, the company finally went public in 18. By 1, Egghead was considered an industry leader, partnering with Microsoft on the release of Windows .1, and IBM, on the 5.0 upgrade. 500 employees and 180 stores made up Egghead Software, by then, know as ¡§North America¡¦s Software Eggsperts.¡¨

The company relied on the expertise of their sales staff to help customers understand these wonderful new machines. Yet, as the market for personal computers exploded, competitors began experimenting with different business models. As customers became more sophisticated, Egghead held onto the notion that customers needed help in selecting software, and that they would be willing to buy software in a different location than hardware¡Kgiven the high margins on hardware, the computer superstore was born. ¡§Big box¡¨ retailers could afford to aggressively promote (lower margin) software with the hardware purchase. As consumers became more computer-literate, they needed less handholding, and demanded convenience and low prices.Great Eggspectations Unmet

Egghead watched this fundamental dynamic develop without changing their business model. By 15, the company had changed CEO¡¦s three times, and was searching for a way out of financial troubles. The company had no consistent vision, no strategy for competing with the big box retailers, no strategy for Internet commerce, and revenues and margins were plummeting.

Finally, in 16, George Orban assumed the position of CEO, knowing he had two years to reorganize or liquidate. Clearly, the retailing operation was producing mixed results. A serious comparison of margins by location showed that some stores were bleeding cash. A decision was made to close about half the stores, cut back from ,000 employees to 00, and to look toward the Internet for the business of the future.Nearing Eggstinction

The decision to transition from Egghead to Egghead.com was a bold strategic move that radically altered the way Egghead operated, but one that ultimately saved the company from bankruptcy and liquidation.

In the analysis that follows, our study group will analyze the internal and external forces that acted upon, and affected Egghead in their metamorphosis from brick and mortar retailer to successful E-tailer. We also have drawn some conclusions, and made some recommendations about where Egghead missed opportunities, and where they have capitalized on them.Business Mission

The Egghead Company focused on selling software products to customers with a knowledgeable sales staff. The business mission changed in the late 10¡¦s when the company decided to close the brick-and mortar retail stores and begin selling computer products as an Internet business.SWOT AnalysisInternal Strengths for Egghead

Upon the inception of Egghead in 185 Cictor Alhadeff¡¦s vision was to set-up a customer-friendly environment. His vision was an intricate part of the business and lead to the initial success of the company. The customer-friendly environment provided exceptional customer service and made shopping ¡§less intimidating¡¨ to the computer software customer. Customer service became a strong attribute to the company.

In 1, the organization had a large customer base built upon the premise of long-term software consultants. Direct sales in the corporate setting and government segment of the business provided a large revenue base for the company. The company also had a strong vendor relationship and marketing expertise that provided added strength to the organization. The strong growth in the company was attributed to marketing and allowed Egghead to develop and maintain a strong business relationship with IBM.Internal Weaknesses for Egghead

The company had a poor management team with no long-term strategy and a lack of vision for the organization as a whole. The organization grew much too fast with a lack of internal controls and proper management expertise to guide the company productively into the future. The company missed many opportunities. They could have moved into the catalog business [they later moved into the catalog business, however, after competition and around the time of the Internet when catalogs shopping became obsolete] created spin-off opportunities, and moved beyond software and into the hardware segment of the market.

After the founder of the company left, the company suffered through three CEO¡¦s within three years. Poor management continued to plague the organization and lead to poor management of inventory and shrinkage became a major problem. The high turnover rate at the Egghead stores resulted in the company finding it impossible to keep a knowledgeable sales staff in the store locations, which was the core value of the company.

When the final decision was made to become and Internet business the company faced an enormous problem. The security was not strong enough on the website and customer credit card numbers where hacked into and this became a major lawsuit against the Egghead Company. This ruined the reputation of the company to the customer and customer loyalty drastically declined.External Opportunities for Egghead

The opportunities for Egghead were to focus on the Internet business. This would reduce the cost of staffing, maintaining store locations, cutting inventory shrinkage, and this venue would allow products to reach an enormous customer base to grow the business and increase profits. This would allow the company to set growth plans on the new business and create order and structure to the company. Egghead would also keep all future options open and anticipate needed changes on time before competition.External Threats for Egghead

The external environment was greatly overlooked by Egghead management. External competition sold hardware and Egghead continued selling only software products. The company guaranteed and promoted knowledgeable sales staff. Yet, the company found this harder and harder to find knowledgeable sales help and had a hard time retaining the sales staff to the rapid turnover of the retail environment.

The company was not aware of customer needs. Customers wanted all-in-one shopping mega stores and Egghead continued the same business of small stores and narrow product assortment. As external competition increased in the computer product market, Egghead was not advancing as fast as competition. Clearly, Egghead had no direction for the future. Growing the Egghead business could be a dangerous risk due to the lack of management knowledge or understanding on how to grow the business.

When the company made the bold move to change the business from a brick-and-mortar business to an Internet business this could be seen as a serious risk for the company. The company had a lack of management expertise to run the business in this new venue. Yet, the company new they had to make a serious change and they accepted the risk to make the company successful. Conclusions and Recommendations

Egghead.com was the former Egghead software store retailer with 180 brick-and-mortar locations. Competition from the mega superstores whittled Egghead down to 80 stores. Ultimately, the retailer decided to shut them down completely and run the business via the Internet.

Egghead Software began in 184 as a retail storefront for computer software, which grew quickly to an extensive chain with nationwide stores. From the beginning there was little discipline with no vision or business strategy. Egghead.com filed for bankruptcy on Aug. 15, 001. Amazon.com acquired the remaining assets of Egghead.com in December 001. So what happened? Where did the magic go? Moving the Egghead business online was a great vision. Egghead forgot to keep an eye on the most important thing, its loyal customers. There were shortcomings in customer service. Even in the brick-and-mortar world, Egghead had a reputation for turning a deaf ear to customers. There was also a time that hackers broke into Eggheads computer systems and attempted to access customer credit card information, which did damage to Egghead¡¦s reputation.

Eggheads business model of selling new, liquidated, and refurbished goods at super-low prices also fell prey to reality when advertising and co-op marketing dollars failed to materialize in a significant fashion, just as other Internet players in the same period.The following recommendations apply„X Continue to maintain customer focus through business transitions.„X Ensure and maintain security measures on customer data records.„X Build better senior management teams with long-term focus.„X Focus on inventory management and security to prevent retail theft.„X Keep all options open and anticipate change.„X Focus on strategic vision.

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The poo of the doo

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Early History and French-British Rivalry

Prior to the arrival of Europeans in Canada, the area was inhabited by various peoples who came from Asia via the Bering Strait more than 10,000 years ago. The Vikings landed in Canada c.AD 1000. Their arrival is described in Icelandic sagas and confirmed by archaeological discoveries in Newfoundland. John Cabot , sailing under English auspices, touched the east coast in 147. In 154, the Frenchman Jacques Cartier planted a cross on the Gasp Peninsula. These and many other voyages to the Canadian coast were in search of a northwest passage to Asia. Subsequently, French-English rivalry dominated Canadian history until 176.

The first permanent European settlement in Canada was founded in 1605 by the sieur de Monts and Samuel de Champlain at Port Royal (now Annapolis Royal , N.S.) in Acadia . A trading post was established in Quebec in 1608. Meanwhile the English, moving to support their claims under Cabots discoveries, attacked Port Royal (1614) and captured Quebec (16). However, the French regained Quebec (16), and through the Company of New France (Company of One Hundred Associates), began to exploit the fur trade and establish new settlements. The French were primarily interested in fur trading. Between 1608 and 1640, fewer than 00 settlers arrived. The sparse French settlements sharply contrasted with the relatively dense English settlements along the Atlantic coast to the south. Under a policy initiated by Champlain, the French supported the Huron in their warfare against the Iroquois; later in the 17th cent., when the Iroquois crushed the Huron, the French colony came near extinction. Exploration, however, continued.

In 166, the Company of New France was disbanded by the French government, and the colony was placed under the rule of a royal governor, an intendant, and a bishop. The power exercised by these authorities may be seen in the careers of Louis de Buade, comte de Frontenac , Jean Talon , and François Xavier de Laval , the first bishop of Quebec. There was, however, conflict between the rulers, especially over the treatment of the indigenous peoplesthe bishop regarding them as potential converts, the governor as means of trade. Meanwhile, both missionaries, such as Jacques Marquette , and traders, such as Pierre Radisson and Mdard Chouart des Groseilliers, were extending French knowledge and influence. The greatest of all the empire builders in the west was Robert Cavelier, sieur de La Salle , who descended the Mississippi to its mouth and who envisioned the vast colony in the west that was made a reality by men like Duluth, Bienville, Iberville, and Cadillac.

The French did not go unchallenged. The English had claims on Acadia, and the Hudsons Bay Company in 1670 began to vie for the lucrative fur trade of the West. When the long series of wars between Britain and France broke out in Europe, they were paralleled in North America by the French and Indian Wars . The Peace of Utrecht (171) gave Britain Acadia, the Hudson Bay area, and Newfoundland. To strengthen their position the French built additional forts in the west (among them Detroit and Niagara). The decisive battle of the entire struggle took place in 175, when Wolfe defeated Montcalm on the Plains of Abraham , bringing about the fall of Quebec to the British. Montreal fell in 1760. By the Treaty of Paris in 176, France ceded all its North American possessions east of the Mississippi to Britain, while Louisiana went to Spain.

British North America

The French residents of Quebec strongly resented the Royal Proclamation of 176, which imposed British institutions on them. Many of its provisions, however, were reversed by the Quebec Act (1774), which granted important concessions to the French and extended Quebecs borders westward and southward to include all the inland territory to the Ohio and the Mississippi. This act infuriated the residents of the Thirteen Colonies (the future United States). In 1775 the American Continental Congress had as its first act not a declaration of independence but the invasion of Canada. In the American Revolution the Canadians remained passively loyal to the British crown, and the effort of the Americans to take Canada failed dismally (see Quebec campaign ).

Loyalists from the colonies in revolt (see United Empire Loyalists ) fled to Canada and settled in large numbers in Nova Scotia and Quebec. In 1784, the province of New Brunswick was carved out of Nova Scotia for the loyalists. The result, in Quebec, was sharp antagonism between the deeply rooted, Catholic French Canadians and the newly arrived, Protestant British. To deal with the problem the British passed the Constitutional Act (171). It divided Quebec into Upper Canada (present-day Ontario), predominantly British and Protestant, and Lower Canada (present-day Quebec), predominantly French and Catholic. Each new province had its own legislature and institutions.

This period was also one of further exploration. Alexander Mackenzie made voyages in 178 to the Arctic Ocean and in 17 to the Pacific, searching for the Northwest Passage. Mariners also reached the Pacific Northwest, and such men as Capt. James Cook , John Meares, and George Vancouver secured for Britain a firm hold on what is now British Columbia. During the War of 181, Canadian and British soldiers repulsed several American invasions. The New Brunswick boundary (see Aroostook War ) and the boundary W of the Great Lakes was disputed with the United States for a time, but since the War of 181 the long border has generally been peaceful.

Rivalry between the North West Company and the Hudsons Bay Company erupted into bloodshed in the Red River Settlement and was resolved by amalgamation of the companies in 181. The new Hudsons Bay Company then held undisputed sway over Ruperts Land and the Pacific West until U.S. immigrants challenged British possession of Oregon and obtained the present boundary (1846). After 1815 thousands of immigrants came to Canada from Scotland and Ireland.

Movements for political reform arose. In Upper Canada, William Lyon Mackenzie struggled against the Family Compact . In Lower Canada, Louis J. Papineau led the French Canadian Reform party. There were rebellions in both provinces. The British sent Lord Durham as governor-general to study the situation, and his famous report (18) recommended the union of Upper and Lower Canada under responsible government. The two Canadas were made one province by the Act of Union (1841) and became known as Canada West and Canada East. Responsible government was achieved in 184 (it had been granted to the Maritime Provinces in 1847), largely as a result of the efforts of Robert Baldwin and Louis H. LaFontaine .

Confederation and Nationhood

The movement for federation of all the Canadian provinces was given impetus in the 1860s by a need for common defense, the desire for some central authority to press railroad construction, and the necessity for a solution to the problem posed by Canada West and Canada East, where the British majority and French minority were in conflict. When the Maritime Provinces, which sought union among themselves, met at the Charlottetown Conference of 1864, delegates from the other provinces of Canada attended. Two more conferences were heldthe Quebec Conference later in 1864 and the London Conference in 1866 in Englandbefore the British North America Act in 1867 made federation a fact. (In 18 this act was renamed the Constitution Act, 1867.)

The four original provinces were Ontario (Canada West), Quebec (Canada East), Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick. The new federation acquired the vast possessions of the Hudsons Bay Company in 186. The Red River Settlement became the province of Manitoba in 1870. In 187, Prince Edward Island joined the federation, and Alberta and Saskatchewan were admitted in 105. Newfoundland (now Newfoundland and Labrador) joined in 14.

Canadas first prime minister was John A. Macdonald (served 1867-7 and 1878-1), who sponsored the Canadian Pacific Railway . In the west, religious tension and objections to lack of political representation and unfair land-grant and survey laws produced rebellions of Mtis, led by Louis Riel in 186-70 and 1884-85. The Mtis were French-speaking Roman Catholics who had considered themselves a new nation combining the traditions and ancestry of Europeans and native peoples.

Under the long administration (186-111) of Sir Wilfrid Laurier , rising wheat prices attracted vast numbers of immigrants to the Prairie Provinces. Between 181 and 114, more than three million people came to Canada, largely from continental Europe, following the path of the newly constructed continental railway. In the same period, mining operations were begun in the Klondike and the Canadian Shield. Large-scale development of hydroelectric resources helped foster industrialization and urbanization.

Under the premiership of Conservative Robert L. Borden , Canada followed Britain and entered World War I. The struggle over military conscription, however, deepened the cleavage between French Canadians and their fellow citizens. During the depression that began in 1, the Prairie Provinces were hard hit by droughts that shriveled the wheat fields. Farmers, who had earlier formed huge cooperatives, sought to press their interests through political movements such as Social Credit and the Co-Operative Commonwealth Federation (now the New Democratic party).

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Monorail

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Our group decided that the best solution to the parking and traffic problems on campus was to build a monorail system around campus. The transit center is going to be located off Highland Drive. We are going to build parking structures in this same area as well. Cars will park here and then take the monorail to their destination around campus. The parking in these structures will be reserved for general permits only. The only other parking on campus will be in the R- and G-1 lots that will be reserved for residents and then the structure, which will be for staff and then have some reserved spots for residents. The staff parking spots around campus will stay in place for the time being until something gets built on top of them. The way our system will work is simple. Vehicles will park in the structures and then the pedestrians will walk to the transit center located next to the structures. They will catch the monorail and then ride it to their destination. The monorail follows both North and South Perimeter roads and then sweeps over to Highland Drive. There will be five stops around campus that passengers will be able to get off at. The first stop is at the intersection of North Perimeter and Via Carta. The next will be at the intersection of Mountain Lane and North Perimeter. The intersection of South Perimeter and Tahoe Road will be the third stop. The next is at the intersection of South Perimeter and College Ave, and finally the monorail will return to the transit center off of Highland Drive. By having a monorail system, there will be fewer cars on campus and the need for parking will be eliminated. This will also help ensure the safety of the bicyclists and pedestrians.

A monorail by definition is a single rail serving as a track for passenger or freight vehicles. In most cases the rail is elevated, but monorails can also run at a grade, below grade or in subway tunnels. The monorail vehicles are either suspended from or straddle a narrow guideway and are wider than the guideway that supports them.

Help with essay on Monorail

Some of the reasons why we chose to use a monorail include their popularity, safety, and cost. Monorails have been proven to work well and efficiently. Each and every day hundreds of thousands of passengers are carried on monorails. One example is Walt Disney Worlds Monorail System near Orlando, Florida. This system has one of the highest riderships of all monorails with over 100,000 passenger trips recorded each day on the 14 miles of beamways. Transit planners from around the world are giving serious thought into using monorails. In various cities around the world, as well as the United States, new systems are in advanced planning or construction. Many people have also expressed their interest in monorails. In November of 17, approximately ,000 Seattle voters said yes to an initiative for a 40-mile citywide monorail system. The initiative passed easily and planning for the system is currently under way.

Monorails have been proven to be very safe. Whether they are of the straddle-beam or suspended variety, the nature of their design does not allow derailments. Conventional rail suffers from this problem frequently. Since monorails are elevated, accidents with surface traffic are impossible, which equals a no system down time, less liability suits and most importantly, no injuries or deaths.

Monorails are very efficient and reliable. Monorails regularly operate at an amazing .% reliability. No other form of transit can match that. The rubber tires get little wear running on smooth guideways. Typically, each load tire gets over 100,000 miles of travel before being replaced. Monorails are also cost effective. One example is the Tokyo-Haneda Monorail. This privately owned 8-mile dual beam system has been operating since 164 and has been turning out a profit each year.

Monorails are also environmentally friendly. Since they are electric powered, monorails are non-polluting. Most monorails run on rubber tires and are very quiet. They Monorails are the most aesthetically pleasing of all elevated rail systems, since their sleek design blends in with modern urban environments. The time it takes to construct a monorail is very quick which results in less disruption to the surrounding environments.

Another positive feature of the monorail system is its construction. The construction for the monorail system is very easy. Basically, you dig a hole, drop in a pre-built support pylon, truck in the track, which was manufactured offsite, and then lift it into place. Monorail beamway can be installed far faster than heavy or light rail. There are no other fixed rail systems that can be installed as quickly and as disruption-free as that of a monorail.

These reasons are only a few of the positive benefits that come from a monorail system. This system would dramatically improve our parking and traffic problems and would also help ensure the safety of bicyclists and pedestrians on campus. Although the price of the monorail may be quite expensive, the benefits outweigh the costs and eventually the monorail will pay for itself and end up turning a profit.

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History of psychology

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HISTORY OF PSYCHOLOGY

Psychology on the whole deals with the nature of the mind and mental processes. Questions concerning these factors first came about from ancient Greek philosophers, the most famous being Socrates, Plato and Aristotle, during the forth and fifth centuries B.C. Hippocrates, was a Greek physician, frequently called the "father of medicine." He was especially interested in the study of the living organism and its parts. He observed how the brain controlled various parts of the body. This gave rise to the biological perspective of psychology. Today, all new physicians reflect upon Hippocrates's medical ethics for their study.

Following the Greek philosophers, around the 17th century, one of the discussions of human psychology was whether or not human beings are born with knowledge and understanding of reality, or are they acquired through experiences and interactions with the world. The view that we are born with existing knowledge is called the nativist view. The view that knowledge is gained through experiences is called the empiricist view. An English philosopher called John Locke, put forward a theory that at birth, the mind is at a blank slate, or tabula rasa, onto which experiences of what he/she sees, hears, smells, tastes and feels are written. In other words, there is no store of knowledge, but through our senses, our knowledge comes. Today it is still questionable and it is referred to as the nature versus nurture debate in psychology. It centres around the fact that biological processes affect our emotions and behaviour, but also acknowledges that experiences can also affect our behaviour.

In 187, a man called Wilhelm Wundt (18-10) was considered by some to be the founder of modern psychology. Wundt was the leader of the school of structuralism, which contended that psychology is human experiences studied from the point of view of the person doing the experiencing. In other words, it was Wundt's belief that the mind and behaviour can be subject to scientific analysis. Introspection and self-exploration are stressed. Introspection is referred to as the observations and recording of the nature of one's own perceptions, thoughts and feelings. Structuralists in general, believed in the separation of mind and body, without interaction, but conceived of in such a way that a parallel structure is formed. For each conscious experience of the mind, a corresponding reaction occurs in the body. It must be remembered that the mind does not cause physical reactions any more than the body alters states of consciousness.

Help with essay on history of psychology

William James (184-110) brought about a new approach to psychology called functionalism. This refers to studying how the mind works so that an organism can adapt to and function in its environment. James established the first psychology laboratory in America. In the field of psychology, he is best known for his work, Principles of Psychology (180), and his "stream-of-consciousness" belief that mentality must be seen as an ongoing process and not fragmented into bits of consciousness. James held that an emotion is evidenced by the internal conflict that arises from a person's reaction to a particular emotional situation. Out of this theory grew his legendary argument that a man meeting a bear in the woods does not run because he is afraid, but rather is afraid because he runs. It is running itself that initiates the reaction of fear, which produces the emotion.

Watson John Broadus (1878-158) was an American psychologist in favour of militant behaviourism. He says psychology is the ‘science of behaviour'. He believed human responses could be predicted by• Observation• Conditioned reflexes• Verbal methods• TestingHis studies of children and animals were innovative because structuralism and functionalists had virtually neglected these two groups. He worked on the conditioning of childhood fears and his advances with animals opened the way to the development of comparative psychology.

Around 11, while behaviourism was appearing in the United States, Gestalt psychology was appearing in Germany. Gestalt being German for ‘form' or ‘configuration.' This approach was favoured by Max Wertheimer and basically contends that the psychological make-up of an individual is based on the unity and wholeness of behaviour, combined with experiences. In other words, Gestalt psychology is based on the concepts of unity and wholeness.

At the turn of the 0th century, psychoanalysis emerged. It originated from Sigmund Freud (156-1). His approach was based mainly on the unconscious, that is, the thoughts, attitudes, impulses, wishes, motivations and emotions which we are unaware of. Freud believed that these thoughts and feelings which we are forbidden of, leave our conscious state and enter the unconscious, but still continue to influence our thoughts and feelings. He says that these unconscious impulses are expressed in our dreams and physical mannerisms. Psychoanalysis is a psychological method that seeks the basis for human behaviour and motivation in the unconscious mind.

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Martha Graham assignment-Dance

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Martha graham was born in Alleghany in May 184. She was an American dancer, choreographer, teacher and director of her company. In 116 she went to study at the Denishawn School of dance. The school was a combination of Ruth St. Denis and Ted Shawn. Shawn took over the teaching of graham and she partnered him for most of her time at denishawn dancers. After leaving the Denishawn School she appeared with the Greenwich Village follies. She only appeared with them for a short while then moved on and began teaching at the Eastman school of music in Rochester. She gave her first solo in New York in 16. She was told she lacked power. In 17 she choreographed ¡¥Revolt¡¦ a rebellion against denishawn. She founded Martha graham school of contemporary dance late on in 17. A lot of grahams work was very dramatic but not all. Her complete ideas by 181 comprised of more than 160 different titles. One exception of her dramatic work was ¡¥Diversion of Angels¡¦.¡¥Diversion of Angels¡¦ was influenced by a painting painted by Kandinsky, which was her stimulus. The painting was made up of a lot of different colours with a red slash straight through the middle this is what influenced the choreography of her dance. Her dance piece was a piece to show types of love which were,

Cheap College Papers on Martha Graham assignment-Dance

„ A dancer dressed all in red was the red slash through Kandinsky¡¦ painting. Red stands for passion, flirting and maybe danger. In one part of diversion of angels red come across the dancer dressed in white and her man maybe to show an affair. Red does a lot of fast energetic movements. Her movements are flowing. Red weaves in and out of another female dancer and her man as if she was trying to split them up. She uses very strong eye contact to show flirting and pushes her hips towards a male dancer as if to tempt him towards her. When red dances her movements go one after the other. Her music is also very fast compared to whites music. In her duet there isn¡¦t that much contact at first red just seems to tease him a lot. In one part of the dance red takes whites move of an arabesque stand then contract and makes it more passionate.„ A dancer dressed all in white to represent innocence and she is in control. White does a lot of hugging to show support and caring of others. She also cups her hands a lot to show love. In one part of the dance the red dancer comes across her and her man to try and have an affair but instead of moving white stay still and waits to show she is in control. In another part she opens her arms wide to say if you want love to last you must be open and trusting. When white is dancing her music is quite slow. She does a lot of balancing where she stands very upright to show she¡¦s happy and content. The quality of her movement is sustained. In her duet she uses her partner and he uses her for lots of balances on each other to show support. When white is dancing her movements don¡¦t flow into the next one like reds she does a move then takes a step as a break in the dancing.„ A dancer dressed all in yellow represents immature young love. Yellow wears a yellow ribbon in her hair to show she is playful. Yellows moves are energetic and playful. Whilst dancing she is always smiling. Yellow does lots of jumps and lifts to show young love. Her music is very light and floaty. At one stage the dancer dressed in yellow does a movement which looks like she is skipping with a skipping rope which shows that she is young. Yellow isn¡¦t on stage as much as the others she only comes on now and again to show it¡¦s a fun love and it isn¡¦t long lasting it only happens now and again. Yellow takes everyone else¡¦s movements to show that they are still together.At one point the dancer in red and the dancer in white meet and the music changes to sound threatening showing conflict and how those two types of love do not work together. At another point there is a noise like a siren and red flashes across the screen the siren is like the jaws tune. After this they repeat the motif and continue. The men in the dance are dressed in flesh colours to show that they do not represent any particular type of love. The backdrop to this dance is very plain (cyclorama) which makes the audience concentrate on the dancers more which is the intention.ConclusionGraham is a very talented choreographer and dancer and her success rapidly increased after she had left all other dance schools and founded her own. Diversion of angels is a very good piece of dance. It is very easy to identify which colour is which love so on the costumes they relate very well to the dance. All of her movements relate also to the dance in some way or another. She had over 160 different dances by 181 proving she was a good choreographer. Diversion of angels had a different lead character than graham as, as she got older she wasn¡¦t as flexible and lacked the precision needed. In her dances Martha graham likes to show a lot of emotions and most of her dances are based singly on emotions.

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Antony and cleopatra- die noble deaths

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O, is thou Death Noble?

To die a noble death would be to die righteously and dignified. In Antony and Cleopatra, neither Antony nor Cleopatra died noble deaths. Though their deaths are different, their reasons for choosing to die are still very similar. Both committed suicide for "love", guilt, and not to suffer at the hand of Cesar. Their reasons for committing suicide prove both of their deaths were not virtuous.

Antony's death was in some ways expected. He was doing poorly in war and Cesar was looking to kill him. Before Antony kills himself he commits a dishonorable act. In the midst of fighting he retreats to go after Cleopatra, because he did this his integrity as a leader was disgraced. He could not deal with shame he would receive, therefore increasing his motive to kill himself. Cleopatra's betrayal also leads Antony to anger and he tells her, "Vanish, or I shall give thee thy deserving and blemish Caesar's triumph. Let him take thee and hoist thee up to the shouting plebeians; follow his chariot, like the greatest spot of all they sex" (IV.xii.)! Cleopatra frantic and depressed decided to send Antony a message that she has killed herself and spoke of no one but him. Antony's love for Cleopatra is very clear, "I made these wars for Egypt, and the queen, whose heart I thought I had, for she had mine" (IV.xiv.15). He could not live with out her or knowing he was partially responsible for Cleopatra's "death" was the final straw that drove Antony to kill himself.

Antony tries to get Eros to kill him, but when Eros kills himself so he would not have to kill Antony, Antony finally takes matters into his own hands. Falling on his sword, Antony thought he would die a speedy death but he did not. His death was drawn out, which was clearly not what he wanted. He cries out, "I learned of thee. How, not dead? Not dead? The guard, ho! O, dispatch me!...I have done my work ill friends. O, make and end of what I have begun" (IV.xiv.10). He then hears of Cleopatra's fake death message and demands to be taken to her. There he tells her of his love for her and that he believes he is dying a noble death, "Wherein I lived the greatest prince o' th' world, the noblest and do not now basely die, not cowardly put off my helmet to my countryman. A Roman, by a Roman valiantly vanquished" (IV.xv.55). Antony believes since he was not killed by another that his death was noble and righteous.

Cleopatra sees Antony die and immediately blames herself for his death. Later when Cleopatra finds out that Cesar wants her as his war trophy she is not happy and says she will not be Cesar's puppet or prize saying, "Rather a ditch in Egypt be gentle grave unto me! Rather on Nilus' mud lay me stark nak'd and let the water flies blow into abhorring! Rather make my country's high pyramides my gibbet and hang me in chains" (V.ii.57)! Clearly she will not live to be Cesar's servant, she would rather die. She would rather commit suicide then be disgraced by Cesar. But the way Cleopatra decides to kill herself is not admirable. She chooses the easiest way she knows of, poisonous snakes. Cleopatra even asks the clown, "Hast thou the pretty worm of Nilus there, that kills and pains not" (V.ii.44)? She continues to take the snakes and apply them to her breast she instantly dies just as she wanted.

The fact that Antony and Cleopatra both die for "love" and guilt they put on the other is very ironic. Antony threatens Cleopatra and drives her to fake her death. With her fake death Cleopatra then drives Antony to really commit suicide which in return causes Cleopatra to kill herself. Dying for love would be seen as noble, but in this case it was more for guilt that both put on each other, therefore it can not be seen as noble. Antony could not bear to live knowing he drove Cleopatra to kill herself; at least he thought he had. Same with Cleopatra, after seeing Antony die in her arms; she could not live really knowing she was indirectly responsible for Antony's death.

Also the fact that both Cleopatra and Antony died because neither of them wanted to suffer at the hand of Cesar, is cowardly. Since Antony was loosing the war, his country would be over taken by Cesar, as would Cleopatra's. But Cesar did not just want the land and riches; he wanted Antony dead and Cleopatra as his prize. Neither would let themselves be disgraced in such a way. But was it more noble for them to kill themselves than to have been killed by Cesar, or become his wife?

For Antony and Cleopatra it was easier to commit suicide, which does not make their deaths noble. Even with committing suicide, both chose to die the easiest way they thought possible. Cleopatra's death was preconceived which again makes it not virtuous. Antony's death though, was not as preconceived as Cleopatra's, was still was not noble because he was running away from his problems and did not want to accept the consequences that were before him. For Cleopatra and Antony, guilt and taking the "easy" way out deprived them of their lives and all hope of dying noble deaths.

Please note that this sample paper on antony and cleopatra- die noble deaths is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on antony and cleopatra- die noble deaths, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on antony and cleopatra- die noble deaths will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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