Rise and decline of irish company

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CONTENTS

1. Introduction

. The Rise

. The Decline 4

4. Environmental Factors 5

4.1. Economical

4.. Technological

4.. Microenvironment

5. Marketing and Management Strategies

5.1. Retrenchment

6. Conclusion 11

7. Appendices 1

7.1. Sources

7.. History of Baltimore 1-00

1.0 Introduction

Baltimore Technologies develops and markets security products and services for a wide range of e-commerce and enterprise applications. Its products include Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) systems, cryptographic toolkits, security applications and hardware cryptograph devices.

Baltimore Technologies have won numerous awards including "Best security product" and "Product of the year". Also, previous CEO Fran Rooney was named Business Person of the Year. This was due to the recognition of his contribution to the meteoric growth of Baltimore Technologies to become a global leader in e-commerce and enterprise solutions. However, in just over a year (000-001) Baltimore Technologies has gone from being one of the largest technology companies in Europe with a valuation of circa £1 billion, to apparently fighting for survival under new, interim leadership

.0 The Rise

Dermot Desmond and Fran Rooney, both significant businesspeople, put financial backing into the fledging company in 16 and the company swiftly created a name for itself through creative promotion via leading industrial events such as the RSA Data Security Conferences. The company floated in 1 and made millions for the investors.

Quickly Baltimore tackled industry giants such as RSA, CertCo, Entrust and Verisign- despite the fact that these companies had been around for years and had well established brand value and identity. Baltimore clinched high profile deals and started acquiring companies, including a reverse takeover of British competitor Zergo.

In February 000 the company was worth £1.5bn on the London Stock exchange. This market value was significantly more than the company book value as investors had high expectations for growth in the company, supplementary to the fact that it was widely expected that Baltimore's core business, PKI, would be the answer to the worlds e-security problems.

.0 The Decline

In the dying months of that same year, however, the economy began to crumble and the technology bubble burst along with the fortunes of Baltimore. Profit warnings in early 001 also augmented a reaction from investors. As investors began to realise that the promised profits from buyers (1st Phase internet players) were not materialising due to reluctance on the part of the IT buyers to commit to new purchases as a result of the economic uncertainty, they sold their shares. This created a snowball effect on the share price and since the company relied heavily on share investor input, which they had re-invested heavily into future projects, Baltimore finances were hurt

Analysts John Cooligan of Merrion Stockbrokers and Barry Dixon of Davy Stockbrokers agree that Baltimore may have suffered due to a shift in customer perception of the company's security products. They felt that customers started to see the products as value added items rather than essentials and some doubted the future of PKI technology (see below).

Advisors such as Gartner, suggested that this might be due to companies embedding PKI into their applications without the help of pure-play PKI vendors such as Baltimore.

4.0 Environmental Forces

To reach the highest levels of success, a firm must be able to adapt to the changes in internal (The company, competitors, collaborators, and customers) and external environmental forces (political, economical, social and technological). While an organisation is not able to control the external forces, it is vital be aware of the changing surroundings.

Baltimore is an example of how external environmental factors can influence the fortunes of a company particularly in the Economic and Technological sectors.

4.1 Economical Forces

As can be seen from above, the economic slow down of the environment particularly in the US significantly affected buyers, which was the spark in the Baltimore decline.

The slowdown started in 000 as a result of appropriate tightening of monetary policy in the US to address rising demand pressures, and by mid-001 had become a synchronized downturn (IMF 001) across almost all major regions of the world. To an extent this was the result of common shocks, including an increase in oil prices and the bursting of the IT bubble. (The dotcom bubble had become overinflated due to ‘irrational exuberance', with too much money chasing too few good ideas).

Equity markets fell sharply, most notably the technology intensive NASDAQ index, which fell by about 70 percent between early March (when it had soared to over 5,000 at the height of dotcom madness) and early April 001. And while macro-economists have not achieved consensus on what exactly causes a recession, probably because the causes are psychological, it is clear that a recession is generally related to a decline in confidence that makes consumers/businesses want to postpone or cancel spending (Shiller, 001). This weakening of confidence was, particularly in the IT sector, had been evident from mid-000, and economic theory dictates that you downsize rapidly once you enter a recession in order to avoid excess capacity. Did Baltimore not see the wave, or did it simply believe it could ride it while all others drowned?

Economic downturn affected all companies in the IT sector, not just Baltimore. However in addition to the ecomonic downturn, overstaffing contributed significantly to the company's misfortune. Baltimore had made four major acquisitions in 000 (total employee headcount in May 001 was 1,400 versus 400 in January 000 and 700 in July 000!). The company's run-rate on its revenues was more in line with a company of around 400 employees. This left Baltimore massively exposed in terms of its operating costs and cash burn.

4. Technological Forces

From a technological force perspective, Baltimore might have been guilty of ‘rushing into' an industry that had dubious market potential. They took a risk at investing in developing and acquiring Internet security products that had large forecasted market demand but little current revenues. Further one might say that they might have put ‘all their eggs in one basket' by investing in future projects before profits had been made on their maiden flagship PKI and despite being in the red in the FTSE 100. Fran Rooney, CEO, advising investors that "We were profitable 18 months ago and our decision was to invest in the company".

.

In this way it can be said that they had ‘Technological Myopia' or perhaps they placed too much confidence in a positive long-term view of the IT market. There might have been a rush on the part of the management to push the company onto the global stage before the foundations were finished being laid. Fran Rooney would later say, "We could have been a strong European player and profitable, but we decided to become a global player".

They wanted to impress the world early through aggressive marketing and brand-building strategies and they wanted vastly to appear bigger than they were- as global companies like Oracle Corp. had done before (E.g. at one particular industry event, Baltimore brought all their staff along to give on-lookers the impression that they were a large company and they wanted vastly to appear bigger than they were. Also each member of staff used their duty-free allowance to purchase drinks for potential customers). While this all had an effective outcome initially, Baltimore possibly did not foresee that companies would, in the near future, be able to by-pass the ‘pure-play PKI vendors' (i.e. Baltimore) and purchase their own PKI (in the same way that companies do not build their own electricity grids but use the national network). Baltimore reacted to this problem by quickly trying to diversify into other technology areas through acquisition leading to the decline.

Further they may not have guessed that buyers might not trust their product. Reports that 'digital certificates' a key element of the PKI system which were supposed to be under high protection, had been leaked to impostors pretending to be from major companies did not help matters (Not the fault of Baltimore- this happened to one of Baltimores competitors- Verisign). This was unfortunate, as all of Baltimore's products were certified by the international community as secure and trustworthy according to the most stringent government standards.

The affect on Customer behaviour

Baltimore Technologies developed and marketed security products and services to enable companies to develop trusted, secure systems for e-business, the Internet and mobile commerce. As already stated, Baltimore specialised in Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) products and services. Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) is a system of digital certification and key pair encryption that delivers strongest capabilities for services such as authentication, data confidentiality and integrity, and non-repudiation to effectively mitigate various risks involved in a digital environment. As a technology, PKI is based on the best cryptographic techniques. The PKI model advocates a systematic approach to information security by building a cohesive infrastructure and describing how people, processes, technologies, and structure will interact to conduct secure business transactions. The PKI infrastructure was held in such high regard as future applications could be added without modifying the basic structure, suggesting good prospects for return on investment in the long-term. When released originally PKI was touted as the solution to all internet security issues. This did not last for long.

Customers began asking the question "do we even need a PKI for e-commerce?" When Baltimore Technologies was at its peak if anyone opened any article on PKI in the popular or technical press they were likely to find the statement that a PKI system is desperately needed for e-commerce to flourish. This statement was seen by customers to be increasingly false. It was realised that some web sites were still happy to take their order whether they had a certificate or not. Although PKI providers were trying to convince investors that it was essential to e-commerce it was in fact the opposite that was true commercial PKI desperately needed e-commerce to flourish.

Customers also began to doubt the future of PKI as some serious flaws were uncovered. Exactly how secure PKI was came under the spotlight. It was realised that viruses and other malicious programs could attack a computer and get the access to the key stored on that particular machine. Even if it is stored in a truly attack-resistant device, it is not possible to guarantee that the trustworthy device will not sign for something that it didn't intend on signing for.

As mentioned above PKI is heavily based on cryptographic techniques. In the cryptographic literature words and phrases such as "trusted" and "non-repudiation" were used in specific technical cases, however PKI vendors such as Baltimore Technologies latched onto these terms and used them in a broader sense to heighten the profile of PKI.

Baltimore's competitors at the time were also getting the upper hand as they capitalised on opportunities in the market that Baltimore had failed to see. Entrust Technologies, RSA Security and DNSSec all offered services that Baltimore Technologies could not compete with due to its misinterpretation of future developments in the market. DNSSec offered a cheap alternative to internet security. They based their product on the Domain Name System. The Domain Name System, or DNS, is one of the Internets fundamental building blocks. DNSSec has been a work in progress for the last 10 years however when they released it they did not try and make it out to be any better than it was. DNSSec analysts admitted that it had faults but that as a starting point in internet security it was a solid product. This type of honesty appealed to consumers who had been disillusioned by PKI vendors such as Baltimore Technologies who had claimed their product almost indestructible.

4. Micro Environment

As can be noted from above, Baltimore seemed to react badly to changes in the microenvironment forces, particularly with regard to competitors. Fran Rooney assured investors after the first profit warning that "our competitors will suffer more than we will, since they're very dependent on the US for their business". Later, Baltimore lost retrenchment battles with its competitors. A technology analyst said Baltimore's heavy fall in late 001 was due to "more aggressive" restructuring moves by US rival Entrust technologies Inc. However Baltimore did make significant cutbacks as described below.

5.0 Marketing and Management Strategies

Some of the above factors that influenced the decline of the company may not have been helped, yet it seems there are others that might have been. In any case the company may have found use in a modern ‘environmental scanning systems' to help warn of any potential threats. An Environmental scanning system is one, which monitors and analyses a company's marketing environment. As it is impossible to scan everything it is an important management decision to decide what to scan. It is also essential that the system provide a fast response to events that are only partially predictable due to increasing turbulence in the marketing environment. The idea of the system is to provide the essential informational input to create strategic fit between strategy, organisation and environment. It was discovered after a conversation with Mr. Peter Doyle, Vice-President of Marketing in Baltimore, that they did not have such a system in place. Whether it would have prevented the decline is uncertain.

Retrospective strategies may have consisted of either repositioning or retrenchment. In the end, the company decided to aim market and management strategies toward retrenchment.

5.1 Retrenchment

In an attempt to survive cutbacks by in the technology industry in 001, Baltimore announced that it was to halve its workforce, sell non-essential business and delist from the Nasdaq. Baltimore's retrenchment after rapid decline in 001 comes in a time of cutbacks by technology companies both in Ireland and on a global scale. The company was forced to cut jobs to protect dwindling cash reserves. Redundancies had to be introduced by striking a balance between cutting costs while maintaining its marketing quota to maintain sales. Ultimately, by December in 001, the workforce had been reduced from 1,400 to just 470. By the second quarter in 001, costs of £14 million had been taken out of the company. In addition, Baltimore suffered major share sales by key players. Dermot Desmond was out of the loop quite early, while Fran Rooney, and the chairman, Professor Beker, were also unloading substantial amounts of stock. Baltimore's already low share price plummeted when chief executive Fran Rooney let slip to analysts in Dublin in March 001 that the company would fail to meet sales forecasts. The shares, which at their peak touched £15, instantly lost a third of their value.

Initially investors reacted positively to the restructuring plan. Baltimore shares rose by 14 percent in London, while on the Nasdaq market, its American depository receipts increased from 5 cents to 6 cents. With its new retrenchment policies, Baltimore hoped to save $101. million per year. It was estimated that the company was spending $88 in sales and marketing for every $100 it eared, and as a result its expensive network of international sales offices was sharply reduced. Baltimore raised money by selling Content Technologies, which it had acquired in 00 for $700 million. The sale of Baltimores PKI in October 00- public key infrastructure - business for £5m transformed the former FTSE 100 component into a shell company. PKI was the technology on which Baltimore's success was based.

Fran Rooney, the chief executive officer said different management skills were required during the retrenchment process, but insisted that he would not resign. However, in 00, Bijan Khezri, the new Chief Executive Officer, and Fran Rooneys successor commented

We have successfully revitalised and strengthened our core business, reinvigorated our employee base, invested in promising new product categories reinforced partnerships and laid the foundation for an increasingly productive operational

infrastructure. We continue to win some of the industrys most significant and high profile transactions worldwide. Today, our challenge is to grow revenues rather than to drive profitability through cost reduction. The overall market environment remains

uncertain, difficult to predict and slow-moving causing a lengthening of the sales cycle.

6.0 Conclusion

Baltimore Technolgies Ltd is an unfortunate example of how temperate marketing environments can be detrimental to a company's fortune. The resulting forces, particularly economical and technological, would hurt the company finances and compel them into re-thinking their marketing and business strategies. Baltimore was such a success in its early years that it was an inspiration to all. The company's aggressive, innovative, creative and courageous styles deserve admiration and respect. Ultimately Baltimore could not make enough money from PKI and decided to make heavy acquisitions in future technology with finance that they didn't really have. They may have been over-eager in the beginning, where patience may have been a better element to their strategy or perhaps better planning may have resulted in the important environmental alarm systems being put in place. Were they merely unlucky enough to enter into an unmapped world- like the early explorers- paving the way for others to come? One thing for definate is that the company has developed world class systems and software, which businesses and governments still regard as being amongst the best available, perhaps they were just a little ahead of their time?

7.0 Appendices

7.1 Sources

1. Foundations of Marketing, David Jobber and John Fahy

. Management Information Systems, rd Edition, Gerald V. Post, David L. Anderson.

. Mr. Peter Doyle, President Marketing Department, Baltimore Technologies Ltd.

4. news.bbc.co.uk

5. The Irish Times/ Ireland.com

6. The Mystery of Economic Recessions, Robert J. Shiller

7. The New York Times/OP-ED, Sunday, February 4, 001

8. www.baltimore.com

. www.bankrupt.com

10. www.cs.wisc.edu

11. www.examiner.ie

1. www.guardian.co.uk

1. www.news.bbc.co.uk

14. www.why4u.com

7. History of Baltimore (BT) 18-00

18

· BT named ISA company if the year

· BT wins prestigious IT awards.

· Bank of Ireland chooses BT for internet banking

· BT wins large Business National Innovation Award

· BT enters US market with opening of US offices

· BT expands presence in Switzerland

· BT opens office in Netherlands

· BT expands operations into Japan.

· Irish postal authority chooses BT uniCERT.

1

· BT receives Gold award in Independent Evaluation of PKI systems

· BT, Entrust, IBM, Microsoft and RSA Security announce formation of PKI forum

· BT opens Southern European Head Quarters in Paris

· BT opens office in Hong Kong

· BT enters the wireless eSecurity market with new WAP security product.

· BT chosen by Ulster Bank to secure Anytime Internet Banking

· Opening of Spanish office

· BT at forefront of VPN and PKI interoperability.

000

· BT wins awards for Excellence in Wireless eSecurity.

· BT strengthens eSecurity leadership with acquisition of content technologies, the market leader in content security.

001

· BT announces major restructuring to accelerate path to profitability and ensure financial stability- this enabled a cost reduction programme that enabled the company to refocus on its core areas of expertise in providing trust and security for e-business. Baltimore focused on maximising return from its authorisation and public key based authentication technology. As part of the restructuring, a reduction of 0 positions was made.

· Resignation of CEO, Fran Rooney

00

· Troubled Irish security firm

· Sold 11,000 shares of Japanese subsidiary Baltimore Technologies Japan.

· Shareholding of BT reduced from 6% to 1%.

· This trans action is part of the BT ongoing restructuring plan announced last year to refocus the company on its core area of expertise.

· CEO's main objective- " Whilst we are committed to our global presence and brand, it is cost effectiveness, local distribution and innovative partnerships which will determine our long-term competitiveness". (Bijan Khezri)

What's happening now- 00

· BT (London) announces Board and Senior Management changes

· Posts notice of extraordinary General Meeting- to seek approval for the proposed disposal of BT PKI business to be TRUSTED.

· Company intends to sell residual shortly and will therefore seek to ensure that shareholder value is maximised by pursuing one of a number of options available to it

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1. What do you think of the architecture and interior design of the tate modern and its suitability for use as an art museum?

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The Tate modern is in an idyllic location, situated on Bankside and opposite St Paul's cathedral, this makes it easily assessable in a prime tourist area. The building before it was known as the Tate modern was an electricity power station designed by the architect Sir Giles Gilbert Scott. Construction for the power station commenced in 148 and was officially opened in 16, so it was a post war design that took 5 years to build. Due to public protest and a change of needs it was only open for 0 years, before it closed in 181. The Tate took over and opened the Tate modern in 000. The building is very angular and large and the immensity of the great turbine hall overwhelms the viewer, however it acts as a great tool to emphasise some of the pieces on display. One of the main factors that place the Tate modern higher than most is its ability to embrace the ages. Apart from the building being recycled they have created a piece of cultural heritage from an obtrusive industrial machine. When the Tate took over, the building needed architectural development so they set about finding the right architect's by holding a competition that had 70 applicants, in the end it went to Swiss designers, Jacques Herzog and Pierre de Meuson. They won as their idea was sympathetic to the existing building, accepting its form, design and industrial characteristics. The main change to appearance was at the top of the building, they created a two storey high glass box known as the light beam. They also used the large chimney to create symmetry on the exterior.

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Wireless Network for Field conditions

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Executive SummaryJacks Valley Training Complex (JVTC) is a unique facility that covers ,000 acres of United States Air Force Academy land, located in Colorado Springs, Colorado. JVTC has several training courses that include an Obstacle Course, Leadership Reaction Course, Confidence Course, Assault Course, and Self Aide and Buddy Care area. These courses are used year round by over 76 military and civilian organizations for munitions training, expanding leadership skills, promoting teamwork opportunities and building confidence. Jacks Valley Training Complex is also home of the Global Engagement summer program. The cadets stationed at the Air Force Academy learn Air Force Expeditionary Force (AFE) training concepts through this program. The AEF training includes a mini airstrip for the cadets to practice parachuting.Over 1,00 customers a year utilize this training facility and annually this number is growing. This massive influx of new customers is causing concerns with the scheduling process. We at LITS Consulting recognize your concerns and have researched and developed a scheduler that will reduce man-hours, centrally locate the scheduling process, and proved training for the scheduler and manuals for the customer. This new scheduling process will be available through the JVTC web site and will allow for a paperless automated scheduling process. The features will include on line registration, double booking prevention through date authentication, and flexibility to schedule multiple events at one time.Number of Concurrent Users

Cheap University Papers on Wireless Network for Field conditions

At this time, 0,000 individuals a year utilize Jack Valley Courses. We have 50 users who are in charge of scheduling the Valley for these organizational needs. The customers set up reservations for an organization of twenty to a hundred people. These fifty customers are the point of contact for the Jack's Valley Scheduler. They are the people who answer what dates, times, equipment, and courses their organization needs. Jack's Valley ‘s new network will support these points of contact by adding XP software and wireless cards to their Dell laptops. This will allow the customer to connect Jacks Valley from a laptop at their desk with ease and efficiency.Medium and DistanceUpon final assessment of our client's current network configuration and future needs, S4 has determined that a wireless network configuration for the Jacks Valley (JV) area is both necessary and advantageous. The need for a wireless configuration at JV is due in large part to the mobile nature of their business. Because JV is an outdoor training facility with only a few permanent buildings, users of the network need a solution that will allow them to do work in and/or around their central office site. Users rarely remain stationary at one point for long durations of time and thus, use laptops as their primary pc. Disconnecting and reconnecting hard-wired LAN connections from a laptop is rather cumbersome and results in less work efficiency, so hardwiring the facilities is not a valid option. Wireless pc cards in the laptops and access points at three main buildings and one central facility will provide an RF medium that will work well with the client's current hardware and provide the mobility needed now and in the future.The layout of the Jacks Valley facility is such that "line of site" wireless technologies will not work. JV's topography is very similar to what an outdoor paint ball facility looks like. There are a handful of buildings' separated by great distances with large pine trees, boulders, and other objects blocking the line of site between buildings. Because of the distances and adverse visual conditions, we will be forced to hardwire the three facilities to one central facility via CAT 5 cable. Due to the fact that the cable will need to be laid underground, and this can be a costly endeavor, we will not be hardwiring the three other facilities together. Redundancy will be provided in the form of replacement access points located at each site. If by chance there is an issue with the wire (i.e. a wire cut takes place) users can simply move to another facility and reestablish connectivity there. Device Connectivity

The JV network will be comprised of three types of hardware and two types of medium. SMC Networks, an industry leader in networking hardware for the last thirty years, will provide the hardware in use on the JV network. The mediums the network will be comprised of are wireless RF, running on the new 8011a standard, and shielded CAT 5 cable. The network device connectivity will divided into two categories based on the medium in use. First, Hard wire CAT 5 will provide connectivity between the central network router and the four access points, three of which will reside at separate facilities. Second, wireless RF will provide the connectivity between the pc cards, within the laptops, and at the access points located at the four sites. The network router will be an SMC barricade eight-port router that can support up to two hundred and fifty three users and has DHCP, VPN, encryption, and remote administration capabilities built into the hardware. The four wireless access points will connect to this router and will be able to support up to sixty-four simultaneous connections each. Each user will be connected to the facility's access point via a removable pc card bus card using the new 011a standard.Speed

The wireless network at JV will provided more than ample speed for all users. In the past, a major issue with wireless technology has been the reduction in speed it caused on a network. At best, most wireless technologies capped out at the 1 Mbps range. However, with the new 8011a standard wireless, devices can support up to 7 Mbps, almost seven times as faster than the old 8011b standard. This increase in speed makes wireless RF a much more plausible networking solution. In addition, because the new standard operates on the 5GHz level, and most other wireless technologies like cordless phones operate on the .4 GHz level, interference is no longer an issue. All other hardware devices and mediums in use on the network can operate up to the 100Mbps level; so again, speed will not be an issue. Connectivity with Other Networks The Backbone for the JV network will be provided by an already existent and functioning fiber connection between USAFANet and the central JV connection facility, where JV network router will be located.Expandability

The technology of tomorrow is wireless networking and by implementing it at Jack's Valley we are ahead of the times. Whenever cutting edge technology is used it puts that network ahead of the curve for expandability. At this time we support 50 laptops through out the valley. The new construction planned for the valley will include more buildings and users in a few years. This network will easily be able to support the influx of customers and the only added expense will be upgrading the users laptops with wireless cards and XP software. Vendor Support

To implement the wireless LAN at Jacks valley some careful consideration of hardware and software has been done. One of the main companies that S4 will be using is SMC. After researching a few different options SMC stood out above the others in cost, vendor support and reliability. The main hardware purchases will be a eight port broadband router that supports VPN/IPSec and wireless pc cards for the laptop. These products will be purchased through COMPUSA and comes with a one-year money back warranty. SMC also has a customer support contract that can be purchased for a minimal fee. This covers third level support for the wireless network regarding their products. The first line of defense will be the network administrator at the USAFA but this support contract will be for any questions they are unable to answer. (SMC755) regarding the SMC products.

The main software component that will have to purchase is the O/S XP by Microsoft. This software will be installed on all of the Dell laptops used by Jacks Valley Customers. This O/S allows VPN/IPSec to function and incorporates the wireless pc technology. Microsoft also offers different vender support options. They offer a online website that helps troubleshoot questions and problems with their software. This can be accessed as soon as you register your purchased products. They also have helpdesk call in support for a yearly fee. We opted to not go with this support due to the USAFA having two MCSE certified network engineers for troubleshooting. If they cannot answer the question they can still call the Microsoft number and pay a charge by the phone call. FinancialWindows XP is sold in license packages. Microsoft has two packages available that would accommodate us, a 0 pack and a pack. For Jack's valley we would need 1 x 0 pack + 7x packs to allow for 51 users. The price of an OEM license utilizing this formula would be $7,84 plus the price of the software which would be approximately $5000. The representative that I spoke with did not break this down any further for me and he did say that this is not an exact quote, although I thought it was good enough for our purposes. There is also an academic break on licenses which I think Jack's Valley would qualify for. All cost would be about 5% of the normal cost. There is also a software assurance program that is available. The way licenses used to work is that once you bought the license you would receive the upgrades for free. Effective 7/1/0 that will change. If you want the upgrades you will have to purchase the Software Assurance Package. This package will send you all of the upgrades for years at no charge. The Software Assurance Package cost about half of the price of the licenses and will have to be renewed biannually.

I also checked on a Microsoft Windows Server. The server would cost about $700 however I did not get any of the technical info on it.

The cost of a VPN SmartTrust package would be $0. for 50 users. There would be no additional charges for this package and updates would be sent regularly.Type/Number of Workstations/PrintersThe type of workstations members will use are standard Dell Inspiron 8100. The units are intended to serve as stand-alone units while the cadets are not in the JVTC. The units are ordered before the cadets arrive to USAFA and are given to them shortly after basic training. The systems are comparably equipped to standard desktop units in storage, video capacity, and network connectivity.

The type of printers we would need would be standard network printers that could handle a workgroup load. The Hewlett-Packard 8000 series is the USAFANet standard and would work fine in the JVTC. These units cost about $,000 each and are basically plug and play. Our requirements are for three printers.ManageabilityA network consultant will monitor all network activity using a variety of tools, applications, and devices. When one or more user-determined thresholds are exceeded alerts will be generated. Upon receiving these alerts, the network consultant will react by executing one, several, or a group of actions, including operator notification, event logging, system shutdown, and automatic attempts at system repair.ISO Network Management ModelThe ISO has contributed a great deal to network standardization. Its network management model is the primary means for understanding the major functions of network management systems. This model consists of five conceptual areas, as discussed in the next sections.Performance ManagementThe goal of performance management is to measure and make available various aspects of network performance so that inter-network performance can be maintained at an acceptable level. Configuration ManagementThe goal of configuration management is to monitor network and system configuration information so that the effects on network operation of various versions of hardware and software elements can be tracked and managed.Accounting ManagementThe goal of accounting management is to measure network utilization parameters so that individual or group uses on the network can be regulated appropriately. Such regulation minimizes network problems (because network resources can be apportioned based on resource capacities) and maximizes the fairness of network access across all users.Fault ManagementThe goal of fault management is to detect, log, notify users of, and (to the extent possible) automatically fix network problems to keep the network running effectively. Security ManagementThe goal of security management is to control access to network resources according to local guidelines so that the network cannot be sabotaged (intentionally or unintentionally) and sensitive information cannot be accessed by those without appropriate authorization. ApplicationsOperating System

Microsoft Windows XP Professional (Windows XP) is designed for business of all sizes. It is an Operating System (OS) that unifies the Microsoft range with all the desktop versions now built on the NT/000 code base. There is no special synergy between windows XP and Microsoft Office XP, which works fine with Windows 000.

One of the most interesting improvements to XP, especially to LITS, is the remote desktop, a standard XP feature that utilizes technology from Microsoft Terminal Server to enable users to access their computer over any connection, for example locations other than Jack's Valley. This access allows you to run applications remotely, although this feature can be disabled if there are any security concerns. Windows XP can also easily use modems in mobile phones vial infrared. There is also built in support for wireless networking using the 80.11 standard.

Windows XP has the ability to synchronize network files with off line copies and can now be encrypted. For web browsing XP has Internet Explorer 6.0 and a built in firewall. The firewall is simple and will need another application for increased security.

Windows XP has strong multi-media features with RW CD, DVD Video, MP Audio files and MPED videos. Windows XP supports dual encrypt able file systems, offline folders and remote desktops. It is designed for reliability, security, high performance and ease of use, all of which are beneficial to the environment of Jack's Valley. The cost of Windows XP is $. for a single user.VPN Client for SmartTrust

VPN (Virtual Private Network) Client for SmartTrust (VPN) is a choice product to provide a secure method of exchanging confidential data and network resources. Internet-based remote access presents challenges in protecting the confidentiality and integrity of essential business information as it travels over the public Internet. A VPN is an umbrella term that refers to all the technologies enabling secure communications over the Internet. VPN uses tunnels between two gateways to protect private data as it travels. VPN SmartTrust utilizes IPSec (Internet Protocol Security) protocol suite to provide security services at the network level. An IPSec tunnel through the Internet protects all data traffic passing through, regardless of the application. IPSec technology is based on modem cryptographic technologies, making possible very strong data authentication and privacy guarantees. As a standard, IPSec is supported by a number of VPN vendors to allow interoperability.

VPN SmartTrust is not a complete solution with out Internet Access Security for local networks. An effective VPN solution is built on a security platform that includes a firewall and support for other security services such as network anti-virus. SmartTrust VPN is compatible with other VPN gateways based on IPSec standard, such as Checkpoint Firewall-1, Cisco Pix, and Nortel Contivity.

Wireless SecurityThere are several security issues to be considered when implementing a wireless network. Sensitive data must remain safe. Users must have confidence in the system. ThreatWireless networks have become one of the most interesting targets for hackers today. Hackers who drive around with an appropriately configured wireless network client to locate and access, or LAN-jack, wireless networks are referred to as war drivers. War drivers use programs such as NetStumbler to obtain a wealth of detail from LAN-jacked transmissions. Cracker tools like AirSnort and WEPCrack can begin decoding traffic in mere minutes. The threat is real and significant, particularly around military and government installations. Although it will also take a wireless bridge from the same manufacturer as the one used in the transmission, this is a threat that must be considered.The devices used by end users can be a risk to network security. Hardware and software vulnerabilities include poor concealment of passwords and easy lockout bypass. They can be easily lost or stolen. Viruses and cross-system attacks and exploits are common among wireless LANs where users are allowed to load personal software.As always, uneducated or unconcerned users also pose a huge threat to any type of network security. The 80.11b standard used for wireless LANs includes a provision for encryption called WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy). The security world recently announced a security breach in WEP which allowed the encryption protocol associated with 80.11b. with its current implementation of static keys to be broken.It is common practice to implement a wireless solution and not use any encryption at all. This is asking for someone to have a great deal of fun at your networks expense.Wireless LANs usually share unlicensed frequencies with other devices, including consumer-based Bluetooth devices, cordless phones, and baby monitors - which can, and do, interfere with each other. It is also easy to interfere with wireless communications. A simple jamming transmitter can make communications impossible. For example, consistently hammering an AP with access requests, whether successful or not, will eventually exhaust its available radio frequency spectrum and knock it off the network. Other wireless services in the same frequency range can reduce the range and usable bandwidth of WLAN technology. Bluetooth technology, used to communicate between handsets and other information appliances, is one of many technologies today that use the same radio frequency as WLAN devices. These intentional, or unintentional, denial-of-service (DoS) attacks can render WLAN devices unusable. In the hands of a determined hacker, a rogue AP can be a valuable asset in the attempted compromise of network resources. The principal threat is installing an AP into a network after gaining unauthorized access to a building. The user typically gains access to the building by tailgating behind a user with a valid access badge or by obtaining a guest badge for some other reason. Because APs are relatively small and can be purchased at many electronics outlets worldwide, it is easy for the hacker not only to obtain the AP but also to install it discreetly. Attaching the AP to the underside of a conference-room table and plugging into the live network allows the hacker to break into a network from the relative security of his car in the parking lot.

Meeting the threatsStrong authentication technology and procedures must be enforced.Procedures must include provisions for short-term temporary users as well as permanent party users. Guests should only have access when they are visiting. A SmartTrust Virtual Private Network solution is probably the best way to thwart intrusions on wireless transmissions. SmartTrust uses embedded PKI to allow digital signing, authentication, and non-repudiation services. Some benefits of SmartTrust are increased security through smart cards and / or mobile handsets, cost savings and cheaper communication costs, simplified network management and secure user log-on, and flexible and scalable implementations.Issuing PKI certificates in a wireless environment is basically the same as in a wired network. SmartTrust Certificate Manager uses the Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) card to provide security. The SIM stores the keys needed to initiate digital signatures and allows the laptop to become a Personal Trusted Device capable of handling secure transactions. Since wireless PCs are almost always on, recommend employing personal firewalls on each unit to thwart local data from as many known attacks as possible.We must ensure there is no way for the wireless devices to connect to the wired network inside the firewall as a "rogue" device. If this is possible, you loose control of your security architecture.Install software to analyze user activities and system activity logs. Doing so enables the organization to detect suspicious activity before a full-blown break-in occurs. Provide sufficient training to end-users. Especially be sure that users are aware of the dangers of not logging off their computers. Such dangers include the ability of a third-party to sit at an open computer and assume the users identity. The unauthorized person has all the rights and privileges of the logged in user. Any suspicious activity will be traced back to the users login, not to the unauthorized person.

A radio frequency spectrum analysis should be performed to ensure the radio frequencies being used by currently existing systems do not interfere with the proposed WLAN.

References

Stamper, D.A. (1) Business data communications (5th ed.). New York Addision-Wesley.

(00) www.sonicwall.com/vpn-center retrieved on February , 00 from the World Wide Web.

(00) www.officemax.com/max/solutions retrieved on February , 00 from the World Wide Web.(00) www.officemax.com/max/solutions retrieved on February , 00 from the World Wide Web.(00) www.cisco.com retrieved on February , 00 from the World Wide Web.(00) www.microsoft.com retrieved on February , 00 from the World Wide Web.

Please note that this sample paper on Wireless Network for Field conditions is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Wireless Network for Field conditions, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on Wireless Network for Field conditions will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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Richard II

If you order your cheap term paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on Richard II. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality Richard II paper right on time.

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This control over language and ceremony by Richard never is more apparent than in this scene. He brilliantly tells Bolingbroke, Here cousin, seize the crown. On this side my hand, on that side thine (4.1.17). Two hands on the crown, two men holding the same crown, symbolically represents the fact that with the usurpation of the throne Bolingbroke will split England in what will eventually lead to the War of the RosesRichard, now utterly alone, transforms into a tremendously powerful orator. He continues to compare himself with Christ, saying Richard for the first time abandons language in this final act. Throughout the play he has not fought with anyone, preferring instead to defend himself with language. However, in scene five he becomes the aggressor, succeeding in killing two men before being killed himself. This change in Richard, from using language and ceremony to adopting war and violence, comes too late for him. Had he chosen to fight earlier in the play, history might have been different. The death of Richard is a significant liability for Henry IV, because it puts him

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for it calls on a wide range of emotion, and--like the earlier scene of Richards meeting with Bolingbroke--an opportunity for the actor to perform someone who loves performing. You will probably have noticed that Richard enjoys creating the roles that he is forced, or chooses, to play, and in this scene he has centre stage. In a sense he becomes the stage director for the scene, shaping the way that the others respond. Images of Fortune and the SelfRichards first act as stage director is to trick Bolingbroke into physically seizing the crown from him, symbolically representing the struggle for power--the crown--in visual terms. Having caught Henry in this compromising position, Richard explores their relationship in another image that was traditionally used to represent the inevitable movement of Fortunes wheel. Is Richard creating a ritual for his uncrowning?

Is he searching for a new role now that he has lost his identity as king?

Is the passage again portraying a character who revels in self-pity?His imagery again picks up the correspondence between sun and king, as for the first time Bolingbroke is likened to the sunNotice again that he does not know what to call himself now he is not the king. In his search for identity he calls for a mirror, and in a passage that recalls some of Marlowes most famous lines he fails to find an answer in the visual reflection of his face and smashes the mirror he has asked for. When Richard left for Ireland he was a figure of little sympathy. He was seen to be selfish, even cynical in his actions, and had abused his position of power. In . . Richard returns, and as his power is stripped from him we are forced to reassess our response. As the scene unfolds Richard is confronted with a succession of disappointments and in effect gives up. He begins by affirming his role as King. He is the mother, the nurturer of England (8-11), and he calls on the earth itself--in its spiders, toads, and adders--to protect him (14-). It is specifically designed to give a heightened quality to the language and to those using it. Whatever the reaction of those around him, Richard (or Shakespeare) is building a sense of himself as an epic hero, supported by God in his role of king by divine right Richard flamboyant both in his public persona of defiance and in his private asides of self-pity. Gaunts Speech Act , Scene 1Gaunt compares Richards lifestyle to a violent fire (4)Thus the speech is a rhythmic tour de force. At the same time, Shakespeare works in a series of images that reverberate elsewhere in the play. England, separated from the rest of the world by the Channel, is patriotically and triumphantly celebrated at the very moment that Gaunt bewails its decline under Richard. It is compared to Eden (4); later in the play you will find many Biblical references both in the garden scene (. 4) and in the many places where Richard refers to himself as a Christ figure. It is a little world (45) a microcosm of the greater world and a potential image of the ideal order that (according to the Tudor Myth) was about to be disturbed by the succeeding events. It is personified as a fertile female, with a womb (51) that brings forth epic heroes and crusaders. It is a dear land (57), dear both in the sense of being beloved and of high value (expensive)--but it is being exploited by Richard rather than nurtured. Look at the rest of the scene, and observe the dynamic between young Richard and old Gaunt. Consider especially the play both of them make on the idea of physical and metaphorical sickness. (Look back to 1. 1. 15-157 where Richard plays the role of physician in trying to heal the breach between Bolingbroke and Mowbray.) The first occasion when Richard failed as King to govern wisely--the murder of Thomas of Woodstock--occurred before the play began; the second--Richards stopping the challenge between Bolingbroke and Mowbray--is left ambiguous and unexplained; but the third--Richards seizing of the property of the Lancasters--occurs in this scene, and for the first time the extent of his irresponsibility is made very clear. Gaunts death is greeted almost flippantly by the young king, and his immediate confiscation of the wealth of one of the countrys oldest families spurs York to an eloquent and reasoned defence of the principle of order. If Henry Bolingbroke, Duke of Hereford and the son of the Duke of Lancaster, does not inherit his fathers lands and titles, Richard is challenging the same rule that gave him the right to govern England, by inheritance from his father the Black Prince and his grandfather Edward III (see especially 15-1). York concludes with another prophecy if Richard goes ahead with his seizure of Herefords lands, he will pluck a thousand dangers on [his] head (05). Shakespeare underlines the accuracy of Yorks words as Richard leaves the stage, leaving a group of disaffected nobles to begin to plot against him (not altogether surprisingly, since their own lands will be as insecure as Bolingbrokes).

What is your reaction to Richard at this point in the play?Think of him both as a character (list what you see as the characteristics you find in him so far), and as the expression of a role, the king of England (list the way he is fulfilling--or failing to fulfill--his expected function).

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McMurphy vs. Ratched

If you order your cheap custom essays from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on McMurphy vs. Ratched. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality McMurphy vs. Ratched paper right on time.

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This feature looks at the life in a mental institution from the viewpoint of the anti-hero, Randale Patrick McMurphy (Mac). As McMurphy attempts to shake things up within his gloomy atmosphere, the tyrannical nurse Ratched stops him dead in his tracks. This film captures the anarchic spirit of Mac, as well as shows us the workings of a truly destructive system.

The films credits role over an Oregonian wilderness scene at daybreak, as a pair of headlights pass across the screen. Nurse Ratched, coated in black, arrives at the locked, security ward of a state mental hospital, where patients, nurses, and orderlies begin their daybreak ritual of dispensing the morning pills.

Randale P. McMurphy is a con man who becomes a ‘modern-day rebel and hero‘. Escorted into the ward he brings with him an energetic and swaggering persona. He is charming, manipulating, wise-cracking and rebellious; he is a dynamic and non-conforming character placed in an environment that strives on being placid. He challenges authority. Immediately he begins stirring up trouble; using a strong sense of humor and ‘comic exaggeration‘. He initiates the changes at the institution and instructs the patients to follow his lead; to wake up and start thinking for themselves.

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Nurse Mildred Ratched is the ward's superintendent. Viewed as the ultimate authority she demands obedience and perfect order from everyone; staff and patients. In the eyes, of the patients her power has grown to monstrous proportions and until Mac was introduced into their mundane lives she was swelling to even greater magnitude. The patients are in awe and completely spellbound by her cool and tenacious manner.

When Mac becomes assigned to the ward in which the authoritarian Nurse Ratched oversees, she immediately begins to work on him with her emasculating and dictatorial attitude. Mac becomes antagonized and makes a bet with the other patients that,"...in one week, I can put a bug so far up her ass, she don't know whether to sh-- or wind her wristwatch."

Mac proceeds to win a number of rounds against the powerful and internalized nurse Ratched, by bringing life to the dead environment and the patients it houses with a controlled yet frenzied madness.

During an uplifting outdoor exercise period he teaches his fellow 'inmates' an 'old Indian game'-basketball, in a fenced in court. Please note that this sample paper on McMurphy vs. Ratched is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on McMurphy vs. Ratched, we are here to assist you. Your cheap research papers on McMurphy vs. Ratched will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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Prochlorate Exposure

If you order your custom term paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on Prochlorate Exposure. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality Prochlorate Exposure paper right on time.

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Perchlorate Essay

In reference to the article "Rocket-Fueled River" by Cheryl Hogue, I would have to say my opinion of the pollution caused by perchlorate exposure is some what of an outrage. It seems careless to say the least that for so long this ion was being distributed in so many different parts going unnoticed. Although clean up for it is underway now, I strongly think that the government and surrounding companies that littered this material should provide more financial funding so that a more effective and quicker method of removing it could be used.

For one, if this ion is harmful to human life in any way, it would seem that those responsible would do their part in helping get rid of it. The article said that the amount that a human could have before it became a risk was still undecided. In my opinion, any amount is a potential danger and should be further looked into for an exact measurement. This substance is a risk to infants and those with thyroid problems. How can it be fair to them to not know how much will harm them and how much they can handle? The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) should put in some more effort to find out a set amount.

Also this water is not just affecting those that live near the Colorado River. It has spread to parts in Arizona, Nevada and California. People all over are receiving drinking water from this river which is contaminated with perchlorate. But it is not just drinking water that could be a threat. Crops and other agricultural productions such as cattle and alfalfa growth could possess this ion. Lettuces grown in these areas are shipped all over the country for people to consume. Because of so many people all across the nation being put at a risk whether large or small, I feel like there should be more attempts to clean up this problem.

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Perchlorate is a much needed ion, but the waste of it should be observed much more carefully. Its existence in water of lakes and rivers is becoming more harmful by the year. If this predicament is not taken care of it could be too late to get under control. It is already said that it could take almost fifty years to get rid of it from the waters. Fifty years seems like a long time to take when people's lives could be in danger. It's my opinion that we need to "buckle down" and take action to fix this potentially hazardous crisis.

Please note that this sample paper on Prochlorate Exposure is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Prochlorate Exposure, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on Prochlorate Exposure will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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Explain reasons why the somme and verdun were worth fighting for.

If you order your custom term paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on Explain reasons why the somme and verdun were worth fighting for.. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality Explain reasons why the somme and verdun were worth fighting for. paper right on time. Out staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in Explain reasons why the somme and verdun were worth fighting for., therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your Explain reasons why the somme and verdun were worth fighting for. paper at affordable prices!Customarily any contemporary scholar or historian would agree with the fact that a successful battle is one that is planned, orchestrated, and accomplished in such an enigmatic and intricate manner that the attacking side of the battle will prevail and will also benefit both economically and militarily. However the Battle of Verdun and the Battle of the Somme had thwarted the very notion of the "successful battle", as neither the Allies nor the Germans had made any significant gains, achievements, or progress within the year 116 in which the battles were fought.The ensuing paragraphs will attempt to explain as to why these two battles were not worth fighting for both economically and militarily.From the very beginning, the city of Verdun was of no real strategic importance for the French forces. Being situated approximately 5km northeast of Paris and bordering on the outskirts of a neutral Luxembourgese borderline, the mentioning of Verdun would hardly raise an eyebrow amongst the French forces, as most of the guns entrenched inside the 1 massive concrete forts within the city were removed from their positions and were taken to help their armies to fight in other more important places. In early February 116, when the German armies had captured the trench lines in front of them, a heated debate between French generals and politicians arose in regards to the actual importance of Verdun strategically. Despite the generals arguing that Verdun was of no military use to the French, and that they would be glad to give the city up to the Germans without any loss of life or resources, the French Prime Minster and Statesman Aristide Briand directly insisted otherwise, asserting that the generals under his command were "cowards" and that he would "sack the lot of them" if they did not comply with his requests. Perhaps Briand at this point of time was an over-zealous patriot of his mother country, and like many civilians in France thought that the city of Verdun was the triumphant symbol of their country's strength.Despite having his requests made, there was only one road traversing to Verdun and there was a desperate need of men, food, and ammunition. For five strenuous and tedious months, 6,000 vehicles a day drove along the "Sacred Way" and poured countless supplies of men, food, and ammunition in to the city, which as a result ended up saving the city from defeat. By July, 8,000 German soldiers and 15,000 French soldiers with a total of million shells had all gone to waste all of this for just one meager city 5km away?? Why not concentrate on more strategically decisive battles in other fronts than to pile up all of one's resources in to defending a once "strongly fortified" city?? Militarily this battle did in fact boost French morale within the army and also prevented Germany from breaking the Western front, but economically this placed a huge strain on the armies under Joffre's command who was preparing to defend the Somme against the British.

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The Somme however was supposed to relieve pressure on Verdun for the French, but instead caused a lot more damage for both the Allies and the Germans. This historical yet most malignant and savagely vicious battle began with the bombardment of the German trenches in order to "weaken" their outpost. Since the Germans already knew for weeks that the attack was coming due to their scout planes observing the movement of men and guns in to position, it is no wonder that the 00,000 men (equivalent to 1 Divisions) which were sent over the top by General Haig all died whilst going over the top. Just within that first day, 0,000 British soldiers were killed and 5,000 were wounded. Despite the advice of Haigs' experts who advised him not to proceed with further attacks, he ignored their insightfulness and continued his arrogant orders of sending out men to their fates. Day after day, the same tragic events happened to the British soldiers, as they could not possibly get through the barbed wire as it was massively entangled due to the German machine gun fire entangling the wire even more. Besides losing men, General Haig also decided to send 50 tanks in to the battle during the month of September. Once more, of these tanks broke down and the rest got stuck in the mad. Economically this was the first time that tanks were being used in warfare, and evidently this ‘tactical move' by General Haig had failed miserably. Militarily this significant loss of men had further degraded British morale, with 1 divisions already going to waste.By the end of this battle, the Allies had lost 60,000 soldiers and the Germans had lost 450,000 soldiers altogether. With these significant loss of casualties and resources, it is no wonder that many may argue that both the Battle of Verdun and the Battle of the Somme were both a complete waste of time and money, and thus were nor worth fighting for in the first. With Verdun, the French had gained their pride, glory and honour but to what cost?? 15,000 soldiers had perished under the fire of million shells from the Germans, and yet by protecting Verdun the French had physically gained nothing, both militarily and economically. With the Somme, the British had lost 60,000 men and 50 tanks but again to what cost?? All the Allies had gained by the end of the Battle of the Somme was a meagre 15km of land, but nothing more. However had the French ignored Verdun, perhaps the Germans may have broken the Western front and thus there wouldn't have been a cause for the Allies to engage in the Battle of the Somme. Moreover, if both of the battles were carefully and meticulously planned, then perhaps the battles may have been worth fighting for. But overall, with the Allies losing approximately a million men and the Germans losing 7,000 men including all the resources lost alongside the battles such as tanks and other ammunition, both of these battles can be classified as battles that were not worth fighting for in the first place.Please note that this sample paper on Explain reasons why the somme and verdun were worth fighting for. is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Explain reasons why the somme and verdun were worth fighting for., we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on Explain reasons why the somme and verdun were worth fighting for. will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality. Order your authentic assignment and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!