The Learning Tree Summary and Conclusion

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Upon the opening of this novel, we are suddenly immersed into the life of an adolescent, Newt Winger, as he struggles to understand and accept the bitter challenges of his world. Newt lives in Cherokee Flats, Kansas, during the10's. He lives in a time period that does not accept differences, even such as different color of skin.

The book is based around Newt, a African-American boy who is coming of age. Like most boys his age he sometimes engages in foolish and sometimes dangerousbehavior that gets him into trouble at times. Newt is not too overly compassionate or spiteful; instead he is portrayed as being only human. His problems as a teenager make him a more interesting character for people to

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relate to. His experiences are a harsh reminder to us living in a much better time. An African-American with high aspirations in an age when segregation ruled, Newt's experiences with racism, love, and loss help him to develop into a mature individual. But Newt's morality will be severely tested when he witnesses a murder and the wrong man is arrested. If Newt discloses the true killer, it could change his life and cause race trouble.

There are a number of stereotypes in this story. As Newt begins high school---an integrated one at that, we are told that the white students were friendlier then he had expected them to be. From this statement, we can see that Newt come to the realization that not every white person is out to "get" a member of a minority. This ties in with what a different author, Milton Kleg, makes clear in his text Hate, Prejudice, and Racism. He defines prejudice as "... readiness to act, stemming from a negative feeling, often predicated upon a fixed over-generalization or totally false belief and directed toward a group of individual members of that group." Certainly Newt is guilty of this, but we see more stereotypical behavior in the actions of his guidance counselor, Miss McClinock. When Newt mentions that he wanted to go to college, she launches into a tirade about the very idea. She tells Newt " ... ninety-nine percent of the Negro students don't go to college. They aren't college material ... The few who are-and lucky enough to get the money-usually wind up as cooks or portersanyway." Newt eventually tells his counselor that she is prejudiced. "You don't like me or any of the rest of the colored kids ... you been tellin' all the colored kids the same thing for years and years." When the principal getsinvolved, we find out that Miss McClinock had been instructed to say this. Apparently, past principals had passed those beliefs down to their staff. The principal assures Newt that it won't happen again, yet, he also asks Newt to understand that Miss McClinock is somewhat a victim herself, having been eased into the wrong channel of thought whilst growing up.

Gordon Parks takes us into the life of Newt Winger, which is a sort of a memoir to his past childhood. He gives us a book of the black perspective. Parks has crafted a finely layered novel of living in a time before prior to integration and Civil Rights Movement. This book is sad, funny, and painfully true. It is a must for anyone who wants to understand the extent to which racism dehumanizesand destroys; and for anyone who wants to understand the meaning of courage and unbreakable will of the human spirit. After reading this book it makes anyone more thankful that we live in a society that is so much more tolerant of differences. In addition it made me aware that we, as a society, must keep prejudice and racism at bay.

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A New Corporation Digital StyleThis is a Marketing strat paper I wrote

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A New Corporation Digital StyleI. CASE FACTS & BACKGROUNDDigitalC (DC) is an upstart in the IT consulting and services industry. Since mid 000, the firm has specialized in delivering high-end custom products and services to a small but rapidly growing clientele base. The products include, but are not limited to web site publication services, programming and data driven services, printing and design services, and an accredited Design Institute. At the Design Institute, customers become students and learn how support products purchased from DC. To provide these products, DC has an organizational design divided into the areas of application design, software engineering, marketing, customer support, among other areas. Currently, there are three players involved in the operation Chad Collins, President/Lead Programming Designer, Bernard "Bern", Designer, and Pete Talick, Designer/Instructor.

Since the inception of the firm, besides some short lulls in sales, the business has grown at a rapid pace. Revenues in ‘01 were 75k, ‘0 estimates are 15k. In '0, DC forecasts earnings/revenues to be 75k, a 00% annualized growth rate.

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Lately, DC has been receiving an increased amount of customer complaints. Based on my preliminary evaluation, customers are complaining about deadline delinquencies, unreturned phone calls, and communication breakdowns. A common concern is that, "the machine seems to answer more often than a live customer service representative." In addition, customers feel that obtaining product maintenance or enhancements are, "always expensive, hard to get quick turn-around on. They also increase the end product cost significantly."

Within the company, design personnel complain that they are underpaid, understaffed, and are often under extreme deadline pressures. Complaints to the President seem to get confrontational, and the staff member leaves feeling ignored. The President is unsympathetic to complaints stating he is responsible for the design and inspiration for all the products, and he does 5% of the work. Furthermore, the President complains that he is "wearing too many hats" to keep all of his constituents satisfied." Finally, the President justifies keeping things the way there are because sales volumes are up, fixed cost are covered, and at this point these are the main operative goals of the firm.

As a consultant, in the following pages I will outline the problems I see with DigitalC, and recommend solutions to implement. All recommendations are in effort to align the behaviors of the employees with the firm's goals, and to create a corporate environment of accomplishment and enjoyment.II. MAJOR ORGANIZATIONAL ISSUESProblem 1 Goals are focused on sales, not customer satisfaction.In DC's industry, customers likely have the buying power. Therefore, there are most many substitutes for DC's products. Also, sales figures indicate that, while customers are price-sensitive to a degree, quality and compatibility are more important than price. If the products are not compatible with current systems, or if they just do not work, the customer will feel he/she has wasted their money and will not return. The company's real goals both stated and unstated are solely focused on increasing sales by developing the most products in the least amount of time and at the lowest cost. However, these goals are in conflict with the external environment. Most importantly, they sacrifice the company's most important stakeholders its customers. DC need to deliver what the customer really wants; which is a quality product that works well and is compatible with current systems, and technical support that is knowledgeable and available.Problem The corporate culture is dominated by the President, and the startup lacks communication channels necessary to rally employees around a common vision.DC is a relaxed atmosphere in which the employees dress very casual. Moreover, the President often comes in late in the morning, takes long lunches, and leaves the office for extended periods to run errands. These hours are justified by the president when the office stays open late, and staff sometimes works all night. However, during the morning, often calls get dropped, go to voice mail, or never get picked up. Why? No one is there. Although this schedule provides a feeling of flexibility for the president and his employees, by maintaining this schedule, the business will not become an industry leader.

My preliminary analysis indicates that DC has not formally designed a mission or vision statement. If they have, it is not on any of there marketing materials, web-site, and no evidence suggests there is one from my office visits.

I recommend DC order polo shirts with their logo on them. Require members of the organization to wear the company shirt every shift with a standard for the rest of the attire, pants/shorts and shoes. When clients come visit dress standards will create a perception of stability. In addition, a dress code will promote customer and employee buy in.

DC needs to develop and clearly communicate the vision and mission statements to its employees and clients. This will demonstrate DC's commitment and dedication to providing an excellent product supported with superior client services. Once the vision is established the President must use every means and opportunity available to communicate the vision to all employees and clients. Post the vision and mission statements on the front and back of business cards, make posters and put them up in the office. Place the statements, or derivates of the statements, on marketing materials, and on the front page of their website. Basically, place them wherever possible. Have a meeting with all employees to ceremonially re-establish the operative goals of the firm. These statements summarize the firm's commitments and goals; therefore they should be understood by the clients and become the blood life of the firm's culture. Examples of a vision and mission statement for DC are below.Vision and Mission StatementsVision• To be a leading application service provider for the worlds best profit and non-profit organizations.Mission• To create original, reliable, and independent solutions of the highest quality. Our applications are distinguished by their outstanding design, functionality, and are enhanced by their integrated solutions for the future. We are committed to• Design integrity• Quality for our clients• entrepreneurial spirit• developing and promoting designers and entrepreneurial talents• market leadership in core segments• high profitability and long term value creation

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If you order your custom term paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on ‘Oedipus is a victim of circumstances beyond his control'. Do you agree?. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality ‘Oedipus is a victim of circumstances beyond his control'. Do you agree? paper right on time.

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Oedipus was no more a victim than I, though our differences are many and span the length of time, and the breadth of distance. The once great King of Thebes stumbled and fell from the blessing of the gods, to become one ‘whom the gods have declared accursed'. Surely this could not all be the doing of Oedipus himself? Surely Oedipus, the mighty King of Thebes could find a scapegoat. Alas, it was not to be, Oedipus could only blame himself for his predicament.

Oedipus, a liberated man of Corinth, surely could have seen his folly coming a mile off. After he was told that he would kill his father and marry his mother, he fled from his home town, like any man would do. But what man would then kill another man on the road? Surely Oedipus was smarter than this. After all, he did unlock the riddle of Thebes. Oedipus made a decision that night on the road. He decided to kill several innocent men over a petty argument. He knew that there was doubt over who his real parents were, and he already knew that he was doomed to kill his father. If he was serious about protecting his heritage, wouldn't he have not killed anyone? Sophocles deliberately adds this moral dilemma to the story, increasing the audiences interest. The audience could see that Oedipus was a man of upright morals, and yet he had overlooked his reasoning process, letting himself slip into the habits which we associate with cave-dwellers and bogans.

However, Oedipus could not take all the blame upon himself. His parents were to blame too. As a baby, Oedipus could not leave Thebes all by himself. His exit was assisted by misleading sooth-sayers and gullible parents. If a parent truly loved their child, how could they try to kill it, just because of the word of a old man? The fortune teller's words were mixed and jumbled, deliberately confusing, perhaps the hand of fate mixed up the potion using the sooth-sayer as a tool. If Oedipus' parents chose to ignore the prophecy, then none of this mess would have ever come about. Oedipus would have grown up as a normal child. He would have known his real mother and father, and it would have been unlikely that he would have killed either of them. Then again, if none of this mishap had taken place, Sophocles wouldn't have anything to write about.

The audience watching Oedipus Rex at its original showing would have looked up to Oedipus, not seen him as a victim. Like Oedipus' loyal subjects in the play, audiences through the ages have remained spellbound as the story unfolds, seeing Oedipus as an oracle. Oedipus did save the city once already after all. The loyal people of Thebes could see their king's downfall, but no one was leading an attack against Oedipus. The attack on the King of Thebes came from within. Oedipus promised his subjects that he would find this ‘unclean thing' that infected the city and cast it out. Endeavouring to keep his word to his people, he traced the problem back within himself and destroyed it. In the process, he triggered his own destruction.

Oedipus was essentially a good man. His loyal subjects looked to him for leadership. He could not find a scapegoat for his problems, and did not view himself as a victim. Oedipus exited the play learning a valuable lesson, not blaming fate, or his parentage. He learned that everything the prophets said should have been taken with a pinch of salt.

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Hidden Lives - In what ways does the author convey use of language?

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In what ways does the writer's use of language convey the different moods she describes? In the extract, Hidden Lives by Margaret Forster, the author makes a considered choice of words in order to covey a precise meaning or feeling. The writer's use of language conveys the rollercoaster of different moods she describes in this extract in many ways. At the start, the writer transmits a mood of nauseating anxiety and apprehension as the girl, "feeling so sick and dizzy," waits for the postman to deliver a letter. She likens her emotional "sickness" to the physical "…as though the jaundice had returned." The extract builds up its atmosphere of nervous tension by the writer's use of words like "struggle" and the use of character silence - the girl "couldn't… utter a word" and her mother "…said nothing…" creates an increased feeling of apprehension whilst she is waiting. This already tense atmosphere is heightened when she sees the postman delivering a letter of acceptance on the other side of the road. This builds to a piercing crescendo when the boy's mother breaks the silence, screaming ‘"He's passed! Colin's passed for the Grammar school!'

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The writer then describes the girl as being "anxious" to receive her letter - and the belief that she must have passed as well leads to bewilderment as the postman walks by her gate without a letter for her. The thick atmosphere of tension dissipates into disappointment when her mother quietly whispers ‘"Just go to school,"' and the girl walks "stiffly… a tragic little figure…" onwards, dragging herself up the street in the doomed robotic repetition of "one-two, one-two." When the girl crosses the road and almost gets run over by a milk float, the driver shouts at her to look where she was going. The girl replies that ‘"I wasn't going anywhere, alas," the double meaning makes the new atmosphere of disappointment and misery more poignant as she trundles by. The mood changes again in the last two lines of the first paragraph, when her mother, "breathless", catches up with her and tells her that it was a mistake and gives her the envelope accepting her for Grammar school. In the next paragraph, the author uses words such as "happiness" and "ecstatic" to describe the girls "overwhelming" and "miraculous" elation "such joy, such relief." The repeated word in capitals "HAPPY HAPPY HAPPY" emphasise the complete turnaround in mood. She is "sweetness and light" at home now in comparison with "pitiful" and "anxious" in the first paragraph. The style of writing and the language used is very different to the "running commentary" style used in the first paragraph. The second paragraph does not as intricately describe the events afterwards; instead the author has written them in like a brief overview concentrating instead on the feelings and the emotional developments of the girl and how she savours each word and list for her new Grammar school. It is also written in a different, more meandering, lighter and breezier way because of this change. There is also a visible role reversal in mood during the second paragraph with regards to the girl and her mother. Whilst the girl's optimism and spirits are "unquenchable" it is now the mother who is anxious after a visit to the school"She had to go down to the High School… She came back apprehensive."

Please note that this sample paper on Hidden Lives - In what ways does the author convey use of language? is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Hidden Lives - In what ways does the author convey use of language?, we are here to assist you. Your cheap research papers on Hidden Lives - In what ways does the author convey use of language? will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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EUROPEAN UNION OR UNITED STATES OF EUROPE

If you order your cheap custom paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on EUROPEAN UNION OR UNITED STATES OF EUROPE. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality EUROPEAN UNION OR UNITED STATES OF EUROPE paper right on time.

Out staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in EUROPEAN UNION OR UNITED STATES OF EUROPE, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your EUROPEAN UNION OR UNITED STATES OF EUROPE paper at affordable prices with cheap custom writing service! 1. INTRODUCTION¡°Under and within that world concept we must re-create the European Family in a regional structure called, it may be, the United States of Europe. And the first practical step would be to form Council of Europe. If at first all the States of Europe are not willing or able to join the Union, we must nevertheless proceed to assemble and combine those who will and those who can. (Winston Churchill) A united European Union has been established with 5 member states (10 due in 004) and total population of 500 Million since of Sir Winston Churchills speech to the academic Youth in Zurich in 146. With the end of the Cold War in the 10s, the countries of Europe have a tremendous opportunity to consolidate ideas and power. Now European Union is preparing for the accession of 1 eastern and southern European countries, and among them up to 10 new countries are due to join the Union in 004. The possibility of a United States of Europe is becoming very real. It seems a European superstate is forming with a huge industrial, economic and military power. But is it democratic? How will each country be affected? Will way of life be forsaken for the good of a new Nation?

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. DRAFT OF NEW CONSTITUTION FOR EUROPEOn Monday 6 may, 00, the latest draft of a new constitution for Europe drawn up by the Convention under former French President Valery Giscard dEstaing was published. This constitution may form the basis of a new treaty re-shaping the EU and simplifying existing treaties before the admission of 10 new members in 004. Moreover, it also lays out three other main areas how to divide responsibilities between the EU and the member states; the status of the European Charter for Fundamental Rights; and the role of national parliaments within the European Union. There are some controversial plans for sweeping changes to the way the European Union works - including a call for an elected EU president.The new EU president would be a serving or former prime minister of an EU country elected by the leaders of member states and would serve for at least two-and-a-half years. The draft proposals from the convention on Europes future also include an elected foreign minister and emphasize that EU states should actively and unreservedly back for a common foreign and security policy. The draft text says the EU should have legal personality and adopt a legally binding charter of rights covering a range of issues including labour and social policies. On the economy, the draft says The Union shall coordinate the economic policies of the member states, in particular by establishing broad guidelines for these policies. The proposals set out a vision of how the EU will be run after 10 new countries join next year. However, there was no agreement on how far the European Union should be further integrated and did little to promote unity across the expanding EU.¡°It was not what united people that emerged, but what divided them. The convention became a battlefield of large against small, left against right and EU proponents against EU skeptics.... The aim is to bring the EU closer to citizens. The EU, its goals and decisions were meant to be made simpler and more comprehensible. And none of that has happened. (Die Presse). EUROPEAN UNION OR UNITED STATES OF EUROPEBefore the publication of draft constitution, there was even an argument about the name. There are four possibilities - the European Community, the European Union, the United States of Europe or United Europe. However, Peter Hain, the Welsh Secretary and the UK Governments representative on the convention, told BBCs Newsnight programme that the idea of a United States of Europe was a non-runner. Anyway, British officials believe the name-change suggestion is tactical. Designed to please Euro-federalists, it has been touted safe in the knowledge that it will be shot down (BBC). United States of Europe was one option. Europe United was another -- Europe United sounds like a football team to me. United States of Europe frankly is not on, we wont accept thatThe UK Government had said it would veto any plans which it believes are not in British interests. In order to soothe Britains fears about the creation of a European superstate, the presidium has chosen to indicate as early as Article 1 that the union exercises its competencies in the community way and not in a federal way as some suggested. Hain said We are burying once and for all the fantasies of a Brussels super-state...Europe will remain a union of sovereign nation states with governments such as Britains in charge. (BBC)And since those governments which oppose too much change have a veto, it is also much easier for things to stay the same than for things to change. Therefore, it will neither be called the United States of Europe, nor a United Europe. Instead, it is to stay the same European Union. That is the proposal in the draft constitution and it perhaps sums up what is going on in the convention drawing up proposals for a new EU constitution - a compromise between those who want the EU to remain much as now and those who want to forge ahead to a much integrated structure.EU skeptics predict that the Union will make a grab for more power in certain domestic policy areas (environment, energy, health and social policy among others) in which it shares competence or responsibility with the member states. They fear that Europe is being taken in one direction by all this - towards a closer union instead of an alliance of nations and want more power to stay with the national governments, through the Council of Ministers. Therefore, they wish the European Union continue to be founded on a system of Treaties, under perhaps an umbrella treat which placed more emphasis upon the sovereignty of each member state, and maintained the right of withdrawal. . Whilst EU proponents see the constitutional arrangement as the first step to a strong European superstate. Therefore, they want individual countries to have less power to veto decisions, thus simplifying the Union, placing all nations under a single set of universally binding proposals. 4. FUTURE OF THE EUROPEAN UNIONWith this blueprint for the future of EU, what will the EU look like? Let's see some details of proposals.A permanent President of the Council of Ministers would substantially raise the profile of the European Union as a unit. At present the Presidency rotates every six months between member states. With 5 such members, this is seen as impractical. So it is proposed that a senior figure be chosen by heads of state and government to serve for up to five years. Germany, France and the UK back the presidency idea.This alarms smaller states such as Finland, Portugal and Austria who fear their voices would be drowned out. As they guess the president would usually come from one of the larger countries, this would allow the big countries to dominate the EU and weaken the Commission, guardian of the supranational European interest. A new text on this plan is awaited. An EU Foreign Minister would represent the EU but he/she could only do so if the EU was agreed on a policy which Iraq has shown they cannot necessarily do. No one could sensible argue that a common foreign policy has tied our hand over the past decade, nor will it in the future, British Foreign Secretary Jack Straw said.(The Times) therefore, the powers and indeed the name of this office remain to be determined. Again a new text on this is due out soon. A reformed European Commission would make it less unwieldy and a new system of qualified majority voting in the Council of Ministers would simplify the procedure. Small countries are concerned about this though. The Commission president would have to be approved by the European Parliament. More qualified majority voting across a wider range of policies is attractive to many and even to some of the reluctant countries on specific issues where they want action. The rule would be to vote by qualified majority unless the constitution stated otherwise. A qualified majority would be a double one -- a majority of countries and amounting to 60 per cent of the EUs population Increased powers for the European Parliament, extending the number of issues on which it has to give its assent, is proposed and is quite hard to oppose given the democractic nature of the parliament. But those who want no further dilution of national powers will oppose this. A redefinition of the law-making process would get rid of the confusing word directive and call it a European law instead. Supremacy of European law over national law in areas where the EU has competence is stated but no new legal position is created by this. The powers of the Union are defined to make sure that the concepts of subsidiarity and proportionality are established. Those mean that the Union should do only those things which the member states cannot do and only in a reasonable way. National parliament would have a role in monitoring this. Common citizenship. This confirms the status quo and does not detract from national citizenship. It gives people the right to stand in local and European elections wherever they live and the right to protection abroad in places where their country is not represented Charter of Fundamental Rights. There is an argument going on about whether this Charter, which was agreed in 000 should be part of EU law. The British Government would veto that. It enshrines incidentally a right to strike (Article 8) but only in accordance with Community law and national laws and practice. Home affairs and justice issues the idea is to bring more of this into EU procedures rather than leave them to be dealt with government to government. For example, coping with asylum seekers would be easier EU wide though countries would retain their right to border controls. A European Prosecutors office for certain trans-EU crimes is proposed.A new clause allowing for a country to leave the Union is outlined. It would have to negotiate a new relationship with the others especially over trade. But its right to leave is formalised. Giving the EU its own legal personality would allow it to sign a trade or other agreement on behalf of member states instead of having them all having to do so. Opponents fear that this will strengthen the EU as a single entity. A role for the EU in economic polices is contentious with some opposing an EU right of co-ordination. There is no suggestion of a Union role in setting taxes but there is one to give it a say in fighting tax fraud. Giving the countries using the euro extra powers to develop policies on their own is worrying for those not in the eurozone. 5. CONCLUSIONDoes all this amount to the creation of a European state? There are some measures which would move it in that direction but by themselves, the proposals do not create that state. Some of them (a common foreign policy is one) would help that process - but only if implemented. The role of national governments remains strong. The draft for the new constitution for Europe paves the way for sweeping changes to the EU. It raises the prospect of a massive overhaul of the EU to accommodate up to 10 new countries due to join in 004. It is clear that a Unites States of Europe would be a more powerful global force than the sum of its parts, to the benefit of those within its borders. However, It is a long way from the Convention in Philadelphia in 1787 which agreed quite rapidly on the constitution for the United States of America. ¡°Therefore I say to you let Europe arise! (Winston Churchill) 6.REFERENCEhttp//european-convention.eu.inthttp//fe.lrt.behttp//news.independent.co.ukhttp//www.bbc.comhttp//www.cnn.comhttp//www.dailymail.comhttp//www.europa.eu.inthttp//www.ft.comhttp//www.obv.org.uk/europehttp;//www.telegraph.co.ukhttp//www.thetimes.comhttp//european-convention.eu.int/bienvenue.asp?lang=EN, Draft EU Constitution. http//www.euobserver.com, EU should be named United States of Europe.http//www.globalbritain.org, Better off out. http//www.whatthepaperssay.co.uk, Britain laughs off `United States Of Europe'.http//www.younthpeople.com, A United States of EuropeSir Winston Churchill, speech to the academic Youth, Zurich,146.Valery Giscard d'Estaing, Speech to College of Brugge, Belgium,00.Excerpts Europes draft constitution, BBC news.Giscard makes case for United States of Europe, The Daily Telegraph.Q&A Europes constitution, BBC news. Row over United States of Europe , CNN world news.Jac Vam Impe, United States of Europe, Jac Vam Impe Ministries, 15.Kevin Ellul Bonici Controlling the Future of Europe---Welcome to the Emerging Giscardian Empire, 00.Dr. Thomas Schirrmacher, The United States of Europe vs. The People, 11.Please note that this sample paper on EUROPEAN UNION OR UNITED STATES OF EUROPE is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on EUROPEAN UNION OR UNITED STATES OF EUROPE, we are here to assist you. Your cheap college papers on EUROPEAN UNION OR UNITED STATES OF EUROPE will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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Hittler and Stalin - Parallel Lives

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Hitler saw himself as called on by divine intervention to rescue the German people from the humiliation of defeat, and to restore the country to its rightful historic position, as a "master race," and to certify it for the future, by creating a new Germanic empire in Eastern Europe. Stalin saw his mission as ending the centuries-old backwardness of Russia, turning a peasant society into a modern industrialized country, and during that same time enforcing the first socialist state in the world. Neither task could be carried out without a vast number of human sacrifices, but on the stage of world history on which they were merely actors the cost of these intense sacrifices never counted. It would be justified and they would be forgiven by their forerunners, provided they would be successful.

The process by which these convictions took possession of their minds remains a mystery. "Narcissism is a concept originally formulated by Freud in relation to early infancy, but one which is now accepted more broadly to describe a personality disorder in which the natural development of relationships failed to take place. In such a state only the person himself, his needs, feelings and thoughts, everything and everybody pertaining to him are experienced as fully real, while everybody and everything else lacks reality or interest."

At some point the degree of narcissism can be considered an occupational illness among political leaders in proportion to their conviction of a beneficial mission and their claim to infallibility of judgment and a monopoly of power. When such claims are raised to the level demanded by Hitler or Stalin at the height of their power, any challenge will be perceived as a threat to their personal image of themselves, as much as to their public image, and they will react by going to any lengths to suppress it.

So far, psychiatrists have paid much less attention to Stalin rather than to Hitler, the reason behind this, being lack of evidence. The ostentatious Hitler, displaying a lack of self-discipline and extravagance of speech, which for long made it difficult for many to take him seriously, in contrast to the reserved Stalin, who owned his rise to power to his success, not in exploiting, but concealing his personality, and was underestimated for the opposed reason because many failed to recognize his ambition and callousness. Not surprisingly, it is Hitler who caught psychiatrists' attention. All the more interesting is the suggestion that underlying the contrast, there was a common narcissistic obsession with themselves.

The brutal beatings that Stalin's father enforced on the boy until age of nineteen produced the basic anxiety, the sense of being isolated in a hostile world, which led to the child developing a neurotic personality.

Hitler has naturally attracted the interest of psychiatrists, and several studies being made, paying extensive attention to his relationship with an over-protective mother and a domineering father. Most historians have found it hard on placing too much reliance on ‘psychological explanations' of Hitler, for to differentiating reasons The first being, lack of reliable evidence, forcing psychiatrists to depend on speculation and arguments from analogy. The second is that, even if one accepts that it helps to accept Hitler or Stalin, as men, both suffering from the delusions of a psychopathic, a schizophrenic, or a paranoid personality, how would someone be able to distinguish between the normally, crippling effect of such intense disorders, as encountered by psychiatrists in their ordinary practice and the extraordinary success which both Hitler and Stalin achieved in translating their extreme visions into reality.

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Gonorrhea

If you order your essay from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on Gonorrhea. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality Gonorrhea paper right on time.

Out staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in Gonorrhea, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your Gonorrhea paper at affordable prices! There have been reports that increases in gonorrhea infections in homosexual men is associated with an increase in new HIV-1 infections.Craib et al. (15) state Our findings are consistent with previous studies reporting an association between HIV infection and

Custom Essays on Gonorrhea

non-ulcerative sexually transmitted diseases. Such a direct association might be explained by postulating that gonorrhoea results in inflamed rectal mucosa and compromised epithelial integrity, thereby predisposing an individual to subsequent HIV infection.Yet, in New York City, the rate of gonorrhea plummeted subsequent to 180, while the rates of HIV-1 and HHV-8 new infections were steeply increasing subsequent to 180 reaching a peak in 18 to 18. As concerns HIV-1 new infections, this increase and peak were similar to San Francisco homosexual men (J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol 17; 1618-18) and to United States new infections (Stine Gerald J. (18). Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Biological, Medical, Social, and Legal Issues, rd ed. New Jersey Prentice Hall, pp. -6).As concerns rates of gonorrhea in a Manhattan STD clinic, whose patients are primarily homosexual males, the CDC MMWR of 6/1/84 states This decrease is most evident in the area with the highest rates-- Manhattan --where reported rectal and pharyngeal gonorrhea rates declined from 485/100,000 in 180 to 01/100,000 in 18--a 5% decrease.Between 177 and 180, the rates of gonorrhea in Manhattan were flatlined at a rate of about 460 per 100,000 population.As concerns these major gonorrhea decreases among NYC homosexuals, the CDC editorializes The substantial and persistent declines in gonorrhea among homosexual males in New York City suggest that prevention efforts have succeeded in reducing the incidence of this short-incubation-period sexually transmitted infection. Further sustained efforts should help in reducing the incidence of AIDS among homosexual males.Strangely, while there were major gonorrhea decreases since 180 in NYC homosexuals, the homosexual HIV-1 and HHV-8 seroconversion rates in NYC were increasing subsequent to 180. OBrien et al. (1) state The patterns of seropositivity to HHV-8 and to HIV-1 were very similar in this cohort. For both viruses, seroprevalence was high in June 18 (0.4% for HHV-8 and 4.0% for HIV-1), and the estimated relative hazard of seroconversion peaked during 18. Hepatitis B vaccine trials in high risk and HBV-negative homosexual men took place in the late 170s and early 180s. The first NYC participant was inoculated in 11/78. HBV carriers, who provided the serum for the vaccine (HBsAg particles prior to 11/78), were New York City homosexuals attending bathhouses, venereal disease clinics, or other such meeting places. The NYC trial vaccine and subsequent NYC inoculations involved three 40 mcg intramuscular injections (Szmuness et al., 180), which was later changed to three 0 mcg injections. ===============================Declining rates of rectal and pharyngeal gonorrhea among males--New York City. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 184 Jun 1;(1)5-7 http//www.cdc.gov/epo/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/0000048.htmThe rates of rectal and pharyngeal gonorrhea for New York City males aged 15-44 years has declined from 1 per 100,000 males in that age group in 180 to 74/100,000 in 18--the lowest level in the past 7 years. This decrease is most evident in the area with the highest rates--Manhattan--where reported rectal and pharyngeal gonorrhea rates declined from 485/100,000 in 180 to 01/100,000 in 18--a 5% decrease (Figure 1). In other areas of New York City, the rates of rectal and pharyngeal gonorrhea have declined slightly since 180, but the initial rates outside Manhattan were much lower. Gonorrhea rates for females 15-44 years old have risen over the same period from 587/100,000 females in that age group to 64/100,000 in 18 (Figure 1). The majority of New York City rectal and pharyngeal gonorrhea was reported from one New York City Department of Health sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic in Manhattan, whose patients are primarily homosexual males. At this clinic, culture testing for pharyngeal and rectal gonorrhea is provided to all males identified as being at risk for contracting gonorrhea due to same-sex contact. Based on analyses of second- and fourth-quarter data from each year, the percentage of positive rectal cultures declined from 0. in 180 to 16.5 in 18, and the percentage of positive pharyngeal cultures declined from 6.8% in 180 to .4% in 18 (Table 4). First clinic visits by males decreased by 4.% from 18,44 in fiscal year 180 to 17,65 in fiscal year 18. Reported by S Schultz, MD, S Friedman, MD, A Kristal, DrPH, DJ Sencer, MD, New York City Dept of Health; Div of Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Center for Prevention Svs, AIDS Activity, Center for Infectious Diseases, CDC. Editorial NoteEditorial Note Since 180, reported pharyngeal and rectal gonorrhea rates among New York City males 15-44 years old have shown consistent annual decreases, while the reported rates of gonorrhea for females in the same age group have increased during the same period. In Manhattan, the greatest decreases in male pharyngeal and rectal gonorrhea rates occurred in 18 and 18. The percent decreases in infection were substantially greater than either the percent decreases in clinic attendance or total cultures taken. Hence, it is unlikely that changes in testing or clinic attendance account for a large portion of the declines. A similar decrease in gonorrhea incidence has been reported among homosexual males attending a public clinic in Denver, Colorado (1). The major gonorrhea decreases in 18 and 18 coincide with the period of heightened awareness and concern about the incidence of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) among homosexual males. U.S. Public Health Service recommendations stress the importance of reducing the numbers of sexual partners for preventing AIDS among homosexual males (). Similar recommendations have been developed and widely distributed by the American Association of Physicians for Human Rights and many local groups concerned with the health of homosexual males. Recently, a reduction of the number of sexual partners among homosexual males has been documented in Madison, Wisconsin (). The substantial and persistent declines in gonorrhea among homosexual males in New York City suggest that prevention efforts have succeeded in reducing the incidence of this short-incubation-period sexually transmitted infection. Further sustained efforts should help in reducing the incidence of AIDS among homosexual males. References 1. Judson FN. Fear of AIDS and gonorrhea rates in homosexual men (Letter). Lancet 18;II15-60. . CDC. Prevention of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) report of inter-agency recommendations. MMWR 18;101-. . Golubjatnikov R, Pfister J, Tillotson T. Homosexual promiscuity and the fear of AIDS (Letter). Lancet 18;II681. 180 Census data. Disclaimer All MMWR HTML documents published before January 1 electronic conversions from ASCII text into HTML. This conversion may have resulted in character translation or format errors in the HTML version. Users should not rely on this HTML document, but are referred to the original MMWR paper copy for the official text, figures, and tables. An original paper copy of this issue can be obtained from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office (GPO), Washington, DC 040-71; telephone (0) 51-1800. Contact GPO for current prices.==============================Craib KJ, Meddings DR, Strathdee SA, Hogg RS, Montaner JS, OShaughnessy MV, Schechter MT. Rectal gonorrhoea as an independent risk factor for HIV infection in a cohort of homosexual men. Genitourin Med 15 Jun;71()150-4 Vancouver Lymphadenopathy-AIDS Study Group, BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, St Pauls Hospital, Canada. Abstract OBJECTIVE--To determine whether certain sexually transmitted diseases are independent risk factors for HIV transmission in a cohort of homosexual men. METHODS--Eligible cases were identified as those who had seroconverted between November 18 and November 10. Two persistently HIV-seronegative control participants were randomly selected for each case from all participants who remained seronegative in November 10. For cases, risk factor data were taken from an index visit which was defined as the first seropositive visit, while for controls these data were obtained from a matched visit which occurred within two months of the index visit for the corresponding case. Mantel-Haenszel methods and logistic regression were used to compare differences in risk factors for seroconversion between cases and controls. RESULTS--A total of 15 cases and 50 controls were eligible for this study. Cases were significantly more likely to have had reported any gonorrhoea (17% versus 6%; OR = .4; 5% CI 1.51-5.7) or syphilis (7% versus %; OR = .78; 5% CI 1.-10.7) than controls during the seroconversion period. Multivariate logistic regression revealed rectal gonorrhoea to be independently associated with risk of seroconversion (odds ratio = .18; p = 0.044), whereas urethral gonorrhoea (p = 0.47) and pharyngeal gonorrhoea (p = 0.44) were not after inclusion of rectal gonorrhoea. In addition, the following variables were also shown to exert an independent effect on seroconversion frequency of anal intercourse, use of illicit drugs, number of male sexual partners, and lack of a post-secondary education. CONCLUSIONS--In this observational study, rectal gonorrhoea was found to be associated with HIV seroconversion after adjustment for a number of HIV risk factors. We cannot rule out that rectal gonorrhoea was not directly associated with HIV infection but rather with other residual lifestyle factors not fully adjusted for in the analysis. However, the relationship with gonococcal involvement of a specific anatomic site lends support to a biological association between gonorrhoea and HIV infection, rather than to alternative non-biologic explanations. Our findings are consistent with previous studies reporting an association between HIV infection and non-ulcerative sexually transmitted diseases. Such a direct association might be explained by postulating that gonorrhoea results in inflamed rectal mucosa and compromised epithelial integrity, thereby predisposing an individual to subsequent HIV infection. ==============================OBrien TR, Kedes D, Ganem D, Macrae DR, Rosenberg PS, Molden J, Goedert JJ. Evidence for Concurrent Epidemics of Human Herpesvirus 8 and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 in US Homosexual Men Rates, Risk Factors, and Relationship to Kaposis Sarcoma. J Infect Dis 1 Oct;180(4)1010-1017. Viral Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, EPS 8016, Rockville, MD 085, USA. obrient@exchange.nih.gov Abstract We examined human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) seroprevalence and seroincidence among 45 homosexual men from New York City (NYC) and Washington, DC (DC) who have been followed since 18. An immunofluorescence assay measured antibodies to a latent HHV-8 nuclear antigen. Seroprevalence was 0.4% in 18; seroincidence was approximately 15%/year during 18-18 but fell sharply thereafter. NYC men had a higher seroprevalence (odds ratio, .4; P.001) and seroincidence (rate ratio, .1; P=.01) than DC men. Risk of Kaposis sarcoma (KS) was increased in seropositive men (adjusted relative hazard, .58; P=.0). Among men who were seropositive for both human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and HHV-8, the 10-year cumulative risk of KS was %; time from coinfection to KS diagnosis ranged from 15 to 154 months (median, 6.5 months). This study shows an epidemic of HHV-8 among US homosexual men in the early 180s that was associated with a high risk of developing KS. ==============================Szmuness W, Stevens CE, Harley EJ, Zang EA, Oleszko WR, William DC, Sadovsky R, Morrison JM, Kellner A. Hepatitis B vaccine demonstration of efficacy in a controlled clinical trial in a high-risk population in the United States. N Engl J Med 180 Oct ;0(15)8-41. Abstract We assessed the efficacy of an inactivated hepatitis B vaccine in a placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind trial in 108 homosexual men known to be at high risk for hepatitis B virus infection. The vaccine was found to be safe and the incidence of side effects was low. Within two months, 77% of the vaccinated persons had high levels of antibody against the hepatitis B surface antigen. This rate increased to 6% after the booster dose and remained essentially unchanged for the duration of the trial. For the first 18 months of follow-up, hepatitis B or subclinical infection developed in only 1.4 to .4% of the vaccine recipients as compared with 18 to 7% of placebo recipients (P 0.0001). The reduction of incidence in the vaccinees was as high as .%; none of the vaccinees with a detectable immune response to the vaccine had clinical hepatitis B or asymptomatic antigenemia. A significant reduction of incidence was already seen within 75 days after randomization; this observation suggests that the vaccine may be efficacious even when given after exposure.

Please note that this sample paper on Gonorrhea is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Gonorrhea, we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on Gonorrhea will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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