What happened to egghead?

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Egghead Software was founded in 185 in Spokane, Washington. Egghead was a well-respected retailer of computer software. Egghead enjoyed a period of incredible growth, with wide brand recognition with the quirky character, Professor Egghead.Eggspansion

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Rapidly expanding from the original store in 185 to over a hundred stores in 188, the company finally went public in 18. By 1, Egghead was considered an industry leader, partnering with Microsoft on the release of Windows .1, and IBM, on the 5.0 upgrade. 500 employees and 180 stores made up Egghead Software, by then, know as ¡§North America¡¦s Software Eggsperts.¡¨

The company relied on the expertise of their sales staff to help customers understand these wonderful new machines. Yet, as the market for personal computers exploded, competitors began experimenting with different business models. As customers became more sophisticated, Egghead held onto the notion that customers needed help in selecting software, and that they would be willing to buy software in a different location than hardware¡Kgiven the high margins on hardware, the computer superstore was born. ¡§Big box¡¨ retailers could afford to aggressively promote (lower margin) software with the hardware purchase. As consumers became more computer-literate, they needed less handholding, and demanded convenience and low prices.Great Eggspectations Unmet

Egghead watched this fundamental dynamic develop without changing their business model. By 15, the company had changed CEO¡¦s three times, and was searching for a way out of financial troubles. The company had no consistent vision, no strategy for competing with the big box retailers, no strategy for Internet commerce, and revenues and margins were plummeting.

Finally, in 16, George Orban assumed the position of CEO, knowing he had two years to reorganize or liquidate. Clearly, the retailing operation was producing mixed results. A serious comparison of margins by location showed that some stores were bleeding cash. A decision was made to close about half the stores, cut back from ,000 employees to 00, and to look toward the Internet for the business of the future.Nearing Eggstinction

The decision to transition from Egghead to Egghead.com was a bold strategic move that radically altered the way Egghead operated, but one that ultimately saved the company from bankruptcy and liquidation.

In the analysis that follows, our study group will analyze the internal and external forces that acted upon, and affected Egghead in their metamorphosis from brick and mortar retailer to successful E-tailer. We also have drawn some conclusions, and made some recommendations about where Egghead missed opportunities, and where they have capitalized on them.Business Mission

The Egghead Company focused on selling software products to customers with a knowledgeable sales staff. The business mission changed in the late 10¡¦s when the company decided to close the brick-and mortar retail stores and begin selling computer products as an Internet business.SWOT AnalysisInternal Strengths for Egghead

Upon the inception of Egghead in 185 Cictor Alhadeff¡¦s vision was to set-up a customer-friendly environment. His vision was an intricate part of the business and lead to the initial success of the company. The customer-friendly environment provided exceptional customer service and made shopping ¡§less intimidating¡¨ to the computer software customer. Customer service became a strong attribute to the company.

In 1, the organization had a large customer base built upon the premise of long-term software consultants. Direct sales in the corporate setting and government segment of the business provided a large revenue base for the company. The company also had a strong vendor relationship and marketing expertise that provided added strength to the organization. The strong growth in the company was attributed to marketing and allowed Egghead to develop and maintain a strong business relationship with IBM.Internal Weaknesses for Egghead

The company had a poor management team with no long-term strategy and a lack of vision for the organization as a whole. The organization grew much too fast with a lack of internal controls and proper management expertise to guide the company productively into the future. The company missed many opportunities. They could have moved into the catalog business [they later moved into the catalog business, however, after competition and around the time of the Internet when catalogs shopping became obsolete] created spin-off opportunities, and moved beyond software and into the hardware segment of the market.

After the founder of the company left, the company suffered through three CEO¡¦s within three years. Poor management continued to plague the organization and lead to poor management of inventory and shrinkage became a major problem. The high turnover rate at the Egghead stores resulted in the company finding it impossible to keep a knowledgeable sales staff in the store locations, which was the core value of the company.

When the final decision was made to become and Internet business the company faced an enormous problem. The security was not strong enough on the website and customer credit card numbers where hacked into and this became a major lawsuit against the Egghead Company. This ruined the reputation of the company to the customer and customer loyalty drastically declined.External Opportunities for Egghead

The opportunities for Egghead were to focus on the Internet business. This would reduce the cost of staffing, maintaining store locations, cutting inventory shrinkage, and this venue would allow products to reach an enormous customer base to grow the business and increase profits. This would allow the company to set growth plans on the new business and create order and structure to the company. Egghead would also keep all future options open and anticipate needed changes on time before competition.External Threats for Egghead

The external environment was greatly overlooked by Egghead management. External competition sold hardware and Egghead continued selling only software products. The company guaranteed and promoted knowledgeable sales staff. Yet, the company found this harder and harder to find knowledgeable sales help and had a hard time retaining the sales staff to the rapid turnover of the retail environment.

The company was not aware of customer needs. Customers wanted all-in-one shopping mega stores and Egghead continued the same business of small stores and narrow product assortment. As external competition increased in the computer product market, Egghead was not advancing as fast as competition. Clearly, Egghead had no direction for the future. Growing the Egghead business could be a dangerous risk due to the lack of management knowledge or understanding on how to grow the business.

When the company made the bold move to change the business from a brick-and-mortar business to an Internet business this could be seen as a serious risk for the company. The company had a lack of management expertise to run the business in this new venue. Yet, the company new they had to make a serious change and they accepted the risk to make the company successful. Conclusions and Recommendations

Egghead.com was the former Egghead software store retailer with 180 brick-and-mortar locations. Competition from the mega superstores whittled Egghead down to 80 stores. Ultimately, the retailer decided to shut them down completely and run the business via the Internet.

Egghead Software began in 184 as a retail storefront for computer software, which grew quickly to an extensive chain with nationwide stores. From the beginning there was little discipline with no vision or business strategy. Egghead.com filed for bankruptcy on Aug. 15, 001. Amazon.com acquired the remaining assets of Egghead.com in December 001. So what happened? Where did the magic go? Moving the Egghead business online was a great vision. Egghead forgot to keep an eye on the most important thing, its loyal customers. There were shortcomings in customer service. Even in the brick-and-mortar world, Egghead had a reputation for turning a deaf ear to customers. There was also a time that hackers broke into Eggheads computer systems and attempted to access customer credit card information, which did damage to Egghead¡¦s reputation.

Eggheads business model of selling new, liquidated, and refurbished goods at super-low prices also fell prey to reality when advertising and co-op marketing dollars failed to materialize in a significant fashion, just as other Internet players in the same period.The following recommendations apply„X Continue to maintain customer focus through business transitions.„X Ensure and maintain security measures on customer data records.„X Build better senior management teams with long-term focus.„X Focus on inventory management and security to prevent retail theft.„X Keep all options open and anticipate change.„X Focus on strategic vision.

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Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau Theories on Human Nature.

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Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau developed theories on human nature and how men govern themselves. With the passing of time, political views on the philosophy of government gradually changed. Despite their differences, Hobbes, Locke, and Rousseau, all became three of the most influential political theorists in the world. Their ideas and philosophies spread all over the world influencing the creation of many new governments. These philosophers all recognize that people develop a social contract within their society, but have differing views on what exactly the social contract is and how it is established. Hobbes, Locke, and Rousseau each developed differing versions of the social contract, but all agreed that certain freedoms had been surrendered for society's protection and that the government has definite responsibilities to its citizens. Each philosopher agrees that before men came to govern themselves, they all existed in a state of nature. The state of nature is the condition men were in before political government came into existence, and what society would be if there was no government. Hobbes, Locke, and Rousseau created a revolutionary idea of the state of nature. They did not believe government should be organized through the Church, therefore abandoning the idea of the divine right theory, where power of the King came directly from G-d. Starting from a clean slate, with no organized church, they needed a construct on what to build society on. The foundation of society began with the original state of nature. Hobbes's perception of the original state of nature is what would exist if there were no common power to execute and enforce the laws to restrain individuals. In this case, the laws of the jungle would prevail where only the fittest survive. Man's desires are insatiable. Since resources are scarce, humankind is naturally competitive, inevitably creating jealousy and hatred, which eventually leads to war. This constant state of war is what Hobbes' believes to be man's original state of nature. According to Hobbes, man cannot be trusted in the state of nature. Limits must be put on freedom and inalienable rights. Hobbes lived in the 17th century, and wrote during the time of the English Civil War. His political views were influenced by the war. Hobbes perceived that by bringing back the monarch, there would be an end to the civil war. On the other hand, John Locke believes the original state of nature is a state of perfect freedom where men do whatever it is in their will and ability to accomplish. Every man has the liberty to arrange his life in the manner he chooses, however no man has the liberty to kill himself. Unlike Hobbes' nature of constant war, Locke's state of nature is peaceful, based on the fact that men do not want to risk their lives by constantly fighting. All men desire the right to live and respect that everyone is after the same thing. Locke has these views because he has more faith in people than Hobbes. Man, according to Locke, is governed by reason in the state of nature. Locke was influenced by the revolutionary upheaval in a different way than Hobbes. The war caused Locke to dislike violence and extremes. Stability was the central assumption of his thinking. Hobbes' era started its reasoning from the assumption that man was naturally vicious or wicked, while Locke's era was more optimistic about man's nature and reasoning. The original state of nature, according to Rousseau, is the perfect state for man, where he is free. In the original state, man lives alone in innocence where he is virtuous. Rousseau does not agree that man is an aggressive and greedy being in the original state of nature as Hobbes suggests. He argues that men are truly happy in the state of nature. Only when men become sociable, they become wicked. In Rousseau's Social Contract, man is depicted as a "stupid and unimaginative animal." Man has no reason or conscience when in contact with others. Possessions begin to be claimed, but the inequality of skill lead to inequality of fortunes. Just the idea of claiming possessions excites men's passions, which provoke conflict, leading to war. Rousseau believes men are not perfect in their original state, but have the ability to live in a more perfect society with guidance of laws. Rousseau has the impression that if people believe they are part of the government, they will work, fight, and build, without complaining in the belief that what helps the good of all people is going to be beneficial to them. Rousseau was self-educated and based some of his theories on Hobbes and Locke. Preservation of mankind is the law of nature established by Hobbes, Locke, and Rousseau. In order to abide by this law, man enters into an agreement, forming the social contract. The social contract is a theory that view's the foundation of morality being founded solely on uniform social agreements that serve the best interests of those who make the agreement. It is an agreement by which men are said to have abandoned the "state of nature" in order to form the society in which they now live. Hobbes believes that people surrender their natural rights and submit to the absolute authority of a sovereign, who attained power through the collective submission of the people. Even though the power of the sovereign is accumulated from the people, the sovereign has absolute power. Locke argued that agreement to absolute political power is irrational. A government where the power is limited and used to secure individual rights is necessary. The government is run by the people. Locke is opposed to Hobbes' view of royal absolutism. Rousseau, on the other hand, believes people should enter into a social contract where the individual must give up personal freedom to the general will, which is the sum of all private interests of the general people. Rousseau agrees with Locke in the sense that the government should be democratic, and he agrees with Hobbes that it should be absolute. Men are conditionally in competition for honor and dignity, according to Hobbes, from which envy and hatred arise, eventually causing war. With this view that humans are motivated only by selfish interests, Hobbes argues that people are better off living in a world with moral rules than without. Rules ensure the safety of everyone's property. Locke believes men make a social contract in order to preserve their natural rights, including that of property. Rousseau, on the other hand, believes that only possession exists in a state of nature. Property is acknowledged only when laws are made and abided by. In Rousseau's social contract, people convert their liberty from independence in the original state, into political and moral freedom. Rousseau does not agree with Hobbes's belief that war prevails among men in the state of nature because of pride, but says that war is a product of conflicts about property. Since property does not exist in the state of nature, neither does war. The state of nature, according to Locke, lacks impartial judges, precise laws, and sufficient power to uphold moral laws protecting both people and their property. The social contract is formed to improve things and create order. A government is formed with the basic purpose to serve the rights of the common good of the people. Locke justifies revolution if the government is not protecting the rights of the subjects. The job of the legislature is to represent the will of the majority. If the rights of the people are not protected, the legislature is not representing the will of the majority and should be replaced. This form of a government is representative of a democracy, which is prevalent in the United States. According to Hobbes, continual war is inevitable if there is no government. Since individuals in the state of nature do what is in their best self interest, at one point they decided to voluntarily and mutually transfer their rights to another person (the sovereign) in an attempt to get out of the miserable, constant state of war. Hobbes interpreted government to be a single governing body, made up of the power of the masses. Hobbes contends that if there is no power to keep people in awe, they will continually be in war against each other. For this reason, the power of the sovereign must be absolute. His idea of government is typical to that of a fascist regime. Revolution was only justified if the people were in a state of war with the government. In Rousseau's social contract, the individual must give up personal freedom to the general will, which is the sum of all private interest of the general people. Rousseau has the impression that if people believe they are part of the government, they will work, fight, and build, without complaining in the belief that what helps the good of all people is going to be beneficial to them. He believes men are inclined to be stupid creatures. If they believe they are part of the government, then they will not doubt anything. Doubting, according to Rousseau, will only hurt society. ‘Man's participation in society must be consistent with his existence as a free and rational being.' Society cannot be legitimate if subjects are enslaved. For this reason, man cannot be governed by a sovereign as Hobbes claims; instead, democratic institutions providing for civic freedom of subjects and their equal participation in legislative deliberation and decision is the necessary form of government. Hobbes, Locke, and Rousseau constructed their own versions on what kind of government should prevail within a society in order for it to function properly. Each dismissed the divine right theory and needed to start from clean slate. They all agree that before men came to govern themselves, they all existed in a state of nature, which lacked society and structure. The three philosophers developed differing versions of the social contract, but all agreed that certain freedoms had been surrendered in order to improve the way of life. Please note that this sample paper on Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau Theories on Human Nature. is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. 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Johns thesis

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The aim of this experiment is to find out the wavelength l of the Helium-neon(He-Ne) laser using double slits and different gratings.Method There're two methods be used to find the wavelength with a diffraction grating and with a double slits. The diffraction grading is a series of slits or lines on a plastic or glass sheet used to produce a spectrum. The double slit has two slits, the narrow slit and the wide slit. The double slit is used to let the Helium-neon laser go though it. For both methods have following parameters Method There're two methods be used to find the wavelength with a diffraction grating and with a double slits. The diffraction grading is a series of slits or lines on a plastic or glass sheet used to produce a spectrum. The double slit has two slits, the narrow slit and the wide slit. The double slit is used to let the Helium-neon laser go though it. For both methods have following parameters Method There're two methods be used to find the wavelength with a diffraction grating and with a double slits. The diffraction grading is a series of slits or lines on a plastic or glass sheet used to produce a spectrum. The double slit has two slits, the narrow slit and the wide slit. The double slit is used to let the Helium-neon laser go though it. For both methods have following parameters

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Method There're two methods be used to find the wavelength with a diffraction grating and with a double slits. The diffraction grading is a series of slits or lines on a plastic or glass sheet used to produce a spectrum. The double slit has two slits, the narrow slit and the wide slit. The double slit is used to let the Helium-neon laser go though it. For both methods have following parameters Method There're two methods be used to find the wavelength with a diffraction grating and with a double slits. The diffraction grading is a series of slits or lines on a plastic or glass sheet used to produce a spectrum. The double slit has two slits, the narrow slit and the wide slit. The double slit is used to let the Helium-neon laser go though it. For both methods have following parameters Method There're two methods be used to find the wavelength with a diffraction grating and with a double slits. The diffraction grading is a series of slits or lines on a plastic or glass sheet used to produce a spectrum. The double slit has two slits, the narrow slit and the wide slit. The double slit is used to let the Helium-neon laser go though it. For both methods have following parameters Method There're two methods be used to find the wavelength with a diffraction grating and with a double slits. The diffraction grading is a series of slits or lines on a plastic or glass sheet used to produce a spectrum. The double slit has two slits, the narrow slit and the wide slit. The double slit is used to let the Helium-neon laser go though it. For both methods have following parameters Method There're two methods be used to find the wavelength with a diffraction grating and with a double slits. The diffraction grading is a series of slits or lines on a plastic or glass sheet used to produce a spectrum. The double slit has two slits, the narrow slit and the wide slit. The double slit is used to let the Helium-neon laser go though it. For both methods have following parameters Method There're two methods be used to find the wavelength with a diffraction grating and with a double slits. The diffraction grading is a series of slits or lines on a plastic or glass sheet used to produce a spectrum. The double slit has two slits, the narrow slit and the wide slit. The double slit is used to let the Helium-neon laser go though it. For both methods have following parameters Method There're two methods be used to find the wavelength with a diffraction grating and with a double slits. The diffraction grading is a series of slits or lines on a plastic or glass sheet used to produce a spectrum. The double slit has two slits, the narrow slit and the wide slit. The double slit is used to let the Helium-neon laser go though it. For both methods have following parameters Method There're two methods be used to find the wavelength with a diffraction grating and with a double slits. The diffraction grading is a series of slits or lines on a plastic or glass sheet used to produce a spectrum. The double slit has two slits, the narrow slit and the wide slit. The double slit is used to let the Helium-neon laser go though it. For both methods have following parameters Method There're two methods be used to find the wavelength with a diffraction grating and with a double slits. The diffraction grading is a series of slits or lines on a plastic or glass sheet used to produce a spectrum. The double slit has two slits, the narrow slit and the wide slit. The double slit is used to let the Helium-neon laser go though it. For both methods have following parameters Method There're two methods be used to find the wavelength with a diffraction grating and with a double slits. The diffraction grading is a series of slits or lines on a plastic or glass sheet used to produce a spectrum. The double slit has two slits, the narrow slit and the wide slit. The double slit is used to let the Helium-neon laser go though it. For both methods have following parameters ¡¤ The distance ¡°x , between two laser points (the distance between n and n1) on the wall.¡¤ In order to get a greater accuracy distance, it is suggested to take the twice distance, x, (which between points n and n) and then take the average to get n.¡¤ Vary the slit separation, d, for both methods.Slit to wall distance L.Available formulae dsin¦È=L¦Ë ¦Ë=(dsin¦È)/L x/L=tan¦È ¦È=tan-1 (x/L) Diagrams¡¤ Helium-neon laser

¦È

L n x n1

Diffraction grading

Narrow slitW Wide slitCollected data

L=.87m L=.87m L=6.m L=4.47md=0.0005m x=0.0017m x=0.008md=0.000m x=0.001m x=0.001mD=1/100000m x=0.5m x=0.46 D=/100000m x=1.0m x=1.47 D=6/100000m x=.4m x=.18 Data with uncertainty values

L=.85+0.05m L=.80+0.05m L=6.0=0.05m L=4.45=0.05md=0.0005m x=0.0017+0.0001m x=0.008+0.0001md=0.000m x=0.001+0.0001m x=0.001+0.0001md=1/100000m x=0.5+0.01m x=0.46+0.01m d=/100000m x=1.0+0.01m x=1.47+0.01m d=6/100000m x=.4+0.01m x=.18+0.01m

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The poo of the doo

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Early History and French-British Rivalry

Prior to the arrival of Europeans in Canada, the area was inhabited by various peoples who came from Asia via the Bering Strait more than 10,000 years ago. The Vikings landed in Canada c.AD 1000. Their arrival is described in Icelandic sagas and confirmed by archaeological discoveries in Newfoundland. John Cabot , sailing under English auspices, touched the east coast in 147. In 154, the Frenchman Jacques Cartier planted a cross on the Gasp Peninsula. These and many other voyages to the Canadian coast were in search of a northwest passage to Asia. Subsequently, French-English rivalry dominated Canadian history until 176.

The first permanent European settlement in Canada was founded in 1605 by the sieur de Monts and Samuel de Champlain at Port Royal (now Annapolis Royal , N.S.) in Acadia . A trading post was established in Quebec in 1608. Meanwhile the English, moving to support their claims under Cabots discoveries, attacked Port Royal (1614) and captured Quebec (16). However, the French regained Quebec (16), and through the Company of New France (Company of One Hundred Associates), began to exploit the fur trade and establish new settlements. The French were primarily interested in fur trading. Between 1608 and 1640, fewer than 00 settlers arrived. The sparse French settlements sharply contrasted with the relatively dense English settlements along the Atlantic coast to the south. Under a policy initiated by Champlain, the French supported the Huron in their warfare against the Iroquois; later in the 17th cent., when the Iroquois crushed the Huron, the French colony came near extinction. Exploration, however, continued.

In 166, the Company of New France was disbanded by the French government, and the colony was placed under the rule of a royal governor, an intendant, and a bishop. The power exercised by these authorities may be seen in the careers of Louis de Buade, comte de Frontenac , Jean Talon , and François Xavier de Laval , the first bishop of Quebec. There was, however, conflict between the rulers, especially over the treatment of the indigenous peoplesthe bishop regarding them as potential converts, the governor as means of trade. Meanwhile, both missionaries, such as Jacques Marquette , and traders, such as Pierre Radisson and Mdard Chouart des Groseilliers, were extending French knowledge and influence. The greatest of all the empire builders in the west was Robert Cavelier, sieur de La Salle , who descended the Mississippi to its mouth and who envisioned the vast colony in the west that was made a reality by men like Duluth, Bienville, Iberville, and Cadillac.

The French did not go unchallenged. The English had claims on Acadia, and the Hudsons Bay Company in 1670 began to vie for the lucrative fur trade of the West. When the long series of wars between Britain and France broke out in Europe, they were paralleled in North America by the French and Indian Wars . The Peace of Utrecht (171) gave Britain Acadia, the Hudson Bay area, and Newfoundland. To strengthen their position the French built additional forts in the west (among them Detroit and Niagara). The decisive battle of the entire struggle took place in 175, when Wolfe defeated Montcalm on the Plains of Abraham , bringing about the fall of Quebec to the British. Montreal fell in 1760. By the Treaty of Paris in 176, France ceded all its North American possessions east of the Mississippi to Britain, while Louisiana went to Spain.

British North America

The French residents of Quebec strongly resented the Royal Proclamation of 176, which imposed British institutions on them. Many of its provisions, however, were reversed by the Quebec Act (1774), which granted important concessions to the French and extended Quebecs borders westward and southward to include all the inland territory to the Ohio and the Mississippi. This act infuriated the residents of the Thirteen Colonies (the future United States). In 1775 the American Continental Congress had as its first act not a declaration of independence but the invasion of Canada. In the American Revolution the Canadians remained passively loyal to the British crown, and the effort of the Americans to take Canada failed dismally (see Quebec campaign ).

Loyalists from the colonies in revolt (see United Empire Loyalists ) fled to Canada and settled in large numbers in Nova Scotia and Quebec. In 1784, the province of New Brunswick was carved out of Nova Scotia for the loyalists. The result, in Quebec, was sharp antagonism between the deeply rooted, Catholic French Canadians and the newly arrived, Protestant British. To deal with the problem the British passed the Constitutional Act (171). It divided Quebec into Upper Canada (present-day Ontario), predominantly British and Protestant, and Lower Canada (present-day Quebec), predominantly French and Catholic. Each new province had its own legislature and institutions.

This period was also one of further exploration. Alexander Mackenzie made voyages in 178 to the Arctic Ocean and in 17 to the Pacific, searching for the Northwest Passage. Mariners also reached the Pacific Northwest, and such men as Capt. James Cook , John Meares, and George Vancouver secured for Britain a firm hold on what is now British Columbia. During the War of 181, Canadian and British soldiers repulsed several American invasions. The New Brunswick boundary (see Aroostook War ) and the boundary W of the Great Lakes was disputed with the United States for a time, but since the War of 181 the long border has generally been peaceful.

Rivalry between the North West Company and the Hudsons Bay Company erupted into bloodshed in the Red River Settlement and was resolved by amalgamation of the companies in 181. The new Hudsons Bay Company then held undisputed sway over Ruperts Land and the Pacific West until U.S. immigrants challenged British possession of Oregon and obtained the present boundary (1846). After 1815 thousands of immigrants came to Canada from Scotland and Ireland.

Movements for political reform arose. In Upper Canada, William Lyon Mackenzie struggled against the Family Compact . In Lower Canada, Louis J. Papineau led the French Canadian Reform party. There were rebellions in both provinces. The British sent Lord Durham as governor-general to study the situation, and his famous report (18) recommended the union of Upper and Lower Canada under responsible government. The two Canadas were made one province by the Act of Union (1841) and became known as Canada West and Canada East. Responsible government was achieved in 184 (it had been granted to the Maritime Provinces in 1847), largely as a result of the efforts of Robert Baldwin and Louis H. LaFontaine .

Confederation and Nationhood

The movement for federation of all the Canadian provinces was given impetus in the 1860s by a need for common defense, the desire for some central authority to press railroad construction, and the necessity for a solution to the problem posed by Canada West and Canada East, where the British majority and French minority were in conflict. When the Maritime Provinces, which sought union among themselves, met at the Charlottetown Conference of 1864, delegates from the other provinces of Canada attended. Two more conferences were heldthe Quebec Conference later in 1864 and the London Conference in 1866 in Englandbefore the British North America Act in 1867 made federation a fact. (In 18 this act was renamed the Constitution Act, 1867.)

The four original provinces were Ontario (Canada West), Quebec (Canada East), Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick. The new federation acquired the vast possessions of the Hudsons Bay Company in 186. The Red River Settlement became the province of Manitoba in 1870. In 187, Prince Edward Island joined the federation, and Alberta and Saskatchewan were admitted in 105. Newfoundland (now Newfoundland and Labrador) joined in 14.

Canadas first prime minister was John A. Macdonald (served 1867-7 and 1878-1), who sponsored the Canadian Pacific Railway . In the west, religious tension and objections to lack of political representation and unfair land-grant and survey laws produced rebellions of Mtis, led by Louis Riel in 186-70 and 1884-85. The Mtis were French-speaking Roman Catholics who had considered themselves a new nation combining the traditions and ancestry of Europeans and native peoples.

Under the long administration (186-111) of Sir Wilfrid Laurier , rising wheat prices attracted vast numbers of immigrants to the Prairie Provinces. Between 181 and 114, more than three million people came to Canada, largely from continental Europe, following the path of the newly constructed continental railway. In the same period, mining operations were begun in the Klondike and the Canadian Shield. Large-scale development of hydroelectric resources helped foster industrialization and urbanization.

Under the premiership of Conservative Robert L. Borden , Canada followed Britain and entered World War I. The struggle over military conscription, however, deepened the cleavage between French Canadians and their fellow citizens. During the depression that began in 1, the Prairie Provinces were hard hit by droughts that shriveled the wheat fields. Farmers, who had earlier formed huge cooperatives, sought to press their interests through political movements such as Social Credit and the Co-Operative Commonwealth Federation (now the New Democratic party).

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Monorail

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Our group decided that the best solution to the parking and traffic problems on campus was to build a monorail system around campus. The transit center is going to be located off Highland Drive. We are going to build parking structures in this same area as well. Cars will park here and then take the monorail to their destination around campus. The parking in these structures will be reserved for general permits only. The only other parking on campus will be in the R- and G-1 lots that will be reserved for residents and then the structure, which will be for staff and then have some reserved spots for residents. The staff parking spots around campus will stay in place for the time being until something gets built on top of them. The way our system will work is simple. Vehicles will park in the structures and then the pedestrians will walk to the transit center located next to the structures. They will catch the monorail and then ride it to their destination. The monorail follows both North and South Perimeter roads and then sweeps over to Highland Drive. There will be five stops around campus that passengers will be able to get off at. The first stop is at the intersection of North Perimeter and Via Carta. The next will be at the intersection of Mountain Lane and North Perimeter. The intersection of South Perimeter and Tahoe Road will be the third stop. The next is at the intersection of South Perimeter and College Ave, and finally the monorail will return to the transit center off of Highland Drive. By having a monorail system, there will be fewer cars on campus and the need for parking will be eliminated. This will also help ensure the safety of the bicyclists and pedestrians.

A monorail by definition is a single rail serving as a track for passenger or freight vehicles. In most cases the rail is elevated, but monorails can also run at a grade, below grade or in subway tunnels. The monorail vehicles are either suspended from or straddle a narrow guideway and are wider than the guideway that supports them.

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Some of the reasons why we chose to use a monorail include their popularity, safety, and cost. Monorails have been proven to work well and efficiently. Each and every day hundreds of thousands of passengers are carried on monorails. One example is Walt Disney Worlds Monorail System near Orlando, Florida. This system has one of the highest riderships of all monorails with over 100,000 passenger trips recorded each day on the 14 miles of beamways. Transit planners from around the world are giving serious thought into using monorails. In various cities around the world, as well as the United States, new systems are in advanced planning or construction. Many people have also expressed their interest in monorails. In November of 17, approximately ,000 Seattle voters said yes to an initiative for a 40-mile citywide monorail system. The initiative passed easily and planning for the system is currently under way.

Monorails have been proven to be very safe. Whether they are of the straddle-beam or suspended variety, the nature of their design does not allow derailments. Conventional rail suffers from this problem frequently. Since monorails are elevated, accidents with surface traffic are impossible, which equals a no system down time, less liability suits and most importantly, no injuries or deaths.

Monorails are very efficient and reliable. Monorails regularly operate at an amazing .% reliability. No other form of transit can match that. The rubber tires get little wear running on smooth guideways. Typically, each load tire gets over 100,000 miles of travel before being replaced. Monorails are also cost effective. One example is the Tokyo-Haneda Monorail. This privately owned 8-mile dual beam system has been operating since 164 and has been turning out a profit each year.

Monorails are also environmentally friendly. Since they are electric powered, monorails are non-polluting. Most monorails run on rubber tires and are very quiet. They Monorails are the most aesthetically pleasing of all elevated rail systems, since their sleek design blends in with modern urban environments. The time it takes to construct a monorail is very quick which results in less disruption to the surrounding environments.

Another positive feature of the monorail system is its construction. The construction for the monorail system is very easy. Basically, you dig a hole, drop in a pre-built support pylon, truck in the track, which was manufactured offsite, and then lift it into place. Monorail beamway can be installed far faster than heavy or light rail. There are no other fixed rail systems that can be installed as quickly and as disruption-free as that of a monorail.

These reasons are only a few of the positive benefits that come from a monorail system. This system would dramatically improve our parking and traffic problems and would also help ensure the safety of bicyclists and pedestrians on campus. Although the price of the monorail may be quite expensive, the benefits outweigh the costs and eventually the monorail will pay for itself and end up turning a profit.

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History of psychology

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HISTORY OF PSYCHOLOGY

Psychology on the whole deals with the nature of the mind and mental processes. Questions concerning these factors first came about from ancient Greek philosophers, the most famous being Socrates, Plato and Aristotle, during the forth and fifth centuries B.C. Hippocrates, was a Greek physician, frequently called the "father of medicine." He was especially interested in the study of the living organism and its parts. He observed how the brain controlled various parts of the body. This gave rise to the biological perspective of psychology. Today, all new physicians reflect upon Hippocrates's medical ethics for their study.

Following the Greek philosophers, around the 17th century, one of the discussions of human psychology was whether or not human beings are born with knowledge and understanding of reality, or are they acquired through experiences and interactions with the world. The view that we are born with existing knowledge is called the nativist view. The view that knowledge is gained through experiences is called the empiricist view. An English philosopher called John Locke, put forward a theory that at birth, the mind is at a blank slate, or tabula rasa, onto which experiences of what he/she sees, hears, smells, tastes and feels are written. In other words, there is no store of knowledge, but through our senses, our knowledge comes. Today it is still questionable and it is referred to as the nature versus nurture debate in psychology. It centres around the fact that biological processes affect our emotions and behaviour, but also acknowledges that experiences can also affect our behaviour.

In 187, a man called Wilhelm Wundt (18-10) was considered by some to be the founder of modern psychology. Wundt was the leader of the school of structuralism, which contended that psychology is human experiences studied from the point of view of the person doing the experiencing. In other words, it was Wundt's belief that the mind and behaviour can be subject to scientific analysis. Introspection and self-exploration are stressed. Introspection is referred to as the observations and recording of the nature of one's own perceptions, thoughts and feelings. Structuralists in general, believed in the separation of mind and body, without interaction, but conceived of in such a way that a parallel structure is formed. For each conscious experience of the mind, a corresponding reaction occurs in the body. It must be remembered that the mind does not cause physical reactions any more than the body alters states of consciousness.

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William James (184-110) brought about a new approach to psychology called functionalism. This refers to studying how the mind works so that an organism can adapt to and function in its environment. James established the first psychology laboratory in America. In the field of psychology, he is best known for his work, Principles of Psychology (180), and his "stream-of-consciousness" belief that mentality must be seen as an ongoing process and not fragmented into bits of consciousness. James held that an emotion is evidenced by the internal conflict that arises from a person's reaction to a particular emotional situation. Out of this theory grew his legendary argument that a man meeting a bear in the woods does not run because he is afraid, but rather is afraid because he runs. It is running itself that initiates the reaction of fear, which produces the emotion.

Watson John Broadus (1878-158) was an American psychologist in favour of militant behaviourism. He says psychology is the ‘science of behaviour'. He believed human responses could be predicted by• Observation• Conditioned reflexes• Verbal methods• TestingHis studies of children and animals were innovative because structuralism and functionalists had virtually neglected these two groups. He worked on the conditioning of childhood fears and his advances with animals opened the way to the development of comparative psychology.

Around 11, while behaviourism was appearing in the United States, Gestalt psychology was appearing in Germany. Gestalt being German for ‘form' or ‘configuration.' This approach was favoured by Max Wertheimer and basically contends that the psychological make-up of an individual is based on the unity and wholeness of behaviour, combined with experiences. In other words, Gestalt psychology is based on the concepts of unity and wholeness.

At the turn of the 0th century, psychoanalysis emerged. It originated from Sigmund Freud (156-1). His approach was based mainly on the unconscious, that is, the thoughts, attitudes, impulses, wishes, motivations and emotions which we are unaware of. Freud believed that these thoughts and feelings which we are forbidden of, leave our conscious state and enter the unconscious, but still continue to influence our thoughts and feelings. He says that these unconscious impulses are expressed in our dreams and physical mannerisms. Psychoanalysis is a psychological method that seeks the basis for human behaviour and motivation in the unconscious mind.

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WOG Day

If you order your essay from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on WOG Day. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality WOG Day paper right on time.

Out staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in WOG Day, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your WOG Day paper at affordable prices with custom writing service! What could possibly force a crew of nearly 1,500 sailors and marines on a United States Amphibious vessel to crawl around on their hands and knees while being subjected to numerous disgusting humiliations? Is this Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ) punishment at its worst? A strange chemical weapon drill? The cause of this seemingly absurd behavior is an ancient naval ritual known as crossing the line better known as wog day. It is performed when a United States ship crosses the equator; this ceremony has a rich and varied history. Crossing the line is nearly as old as seafaring itself and the most humorous ritual I've ever participated in.Wog Day is made up of many different navy beliefs, legends, and characters. Starting with King Neptune. King Neptune is the roman God of fresh water but sometimes he is associated with Poseidon. Poseidon had a kingdom in the sea and put King Neptune in charge of it. "King Neptune sometimes appears with his trident and his wife Queen Amphitrite. (www.cushing.navy.mil)" Another character associated with wog day is Davey Jones. Davey Jones has a number of stories concerning his origin. "The Australians tell a tale of a fearsome pirate who sank to the bottom of the sea when crossing the equator and now patrols the equator on his killer whale boarding any vessel that dares to pass waters of the King's Majestic Realm. (CDR McComas United States Navy)" Some ceremonies list Davey Jones as King Neptune's Royal Scribe, who makes sure each wog has crossed the line. Another characters that make up wog day are Wogs and Shellbacks. A wog is a sailor or marine that has not been a cross the equator. And a shellback is a Sailor or Marine that has been across the equator.

Being a shellback carries a special meaning. It's a name that explains your shipboard experience. Everyone that joins the navy does not have the chance to carry the name shellback. However there are an abundance amount of sailors that carry the name wog. A shellback is someone to look up to to junior sailors that are new on board. Being a shellback not only means that you've had the chance to part take in the wog day celebration. It also means you've had the chance to visit the Navy's best port. Australia. I can remember my first crossing the line experience as if it was yesterday. The morning of February 5th 18 at 18 am the USS Dubuque LPD-8 officially crossed the equator (0th parallel). After reveille, the wogs were woken up very rudely and abruptly by the shellbacks. We were told to put on clothes that only slimy wogs deserved to wear. Our attire for the wog day celebration was our daily working uniform. However everything had to be turned inside or worn backwards. We were advised to wear only uniforms we planned on throwing away because things were going to get pretty messy. The wogs who wished to participate in the celebration duck walked to the mess decks being led by our honorable trusty shellbacks to consume a hearty breakfast. The hearty breakfast consisted of green eggs and noodles. Everything associated with us slimy wogs was green. While we feasted on our delightful green meal, the trusty shellbacks were raising the Jolly Rogers pennant to signify to passers that there were slimy wogs aboard. When breakfast had ended, all the slimy wogs assembled on the flight deck where the trusty shellbacks led us to the beginning of the rigorous obstacle course. They did there best to cleanse us by washing us down with refreshing, cold, salty seawater. Your wog day went well depending on your ship social status. If a sailor was well liked, disliked or very popular his or her wog day was very long and problematical. However if a Sailor was one that usually kept to him or her self, the wog day was quick and painless because no one knew enough about that sailor to give them a hard time. I was known as a pretty boy on board the USS Dubuque with a great deal of arrogance and conceit in my blood. So my wog day went by extremely slow. At one point in time it seemed as if everyone attention was on me. After my salt water wash down. I found myself blowing bubbles in pad eyes with my hands tied behind my back with at the same time having hot sauce poured down my buttocks and having peanut butter smeared in my hair, face, and ears. The slimy wogs went from station to station on the obstacle course participating in many ridiculous acts such as kick lines, and singing songs. We were constantly asked to repeat different things to our honorable shellbacks. Such as "I'm a slimy wog and I deserve to be punishment. Please honorable trusty shellbacks punish me." After completing the obstacle course that was designed for us slimy wogs, I reached the end just for one my honorable shellbacks to tell me to go to the very beginning of the obstacle course. I was pretty upset. I already had a burning sensation in my eyes from all of the salt water and a feverish sensation in my buttocks from the hot sauce. And to top it all off I could hardly hear from all the peanut butter in my ears. However I swallowed my pride and obeyed my trusty shellback and proceeded to the beginning of the obstacle course. Again I went through every station and endured all the humiliations to reach the end and again was told to go back to the beginning. This time they felt sorry for me. Instead of making me go back to the beginning, the decided to take me to the focastle and have me call for Flipper. Flipper was a well know television dolphin that did not exist in real life. I can remember calling Flipper's name as if he was really going appear at the top of salty deep blue ocean. My honorable shellbacks thought it was so humorous. I was happy they found it funny. As long as they were laughing they couldn't have me doing anything else. However soon the laughing had ceased and I was lead back to the beginning of the obstacle course. This time when I reach the end I was allowed to finish. In front of me was a large tub of salty emerald water. It was used to simulate the final cleansing of the slimy wog. I jumped in with a sigh of relief and stayed down at the bottom for what seemed like a lifetime. When I emerged Master Chief Lloyd who was playing the part of King Neptune ask me what was I. I proudly held my head up high and said "King Neptune I am an Honorable trusty Shellback."

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After the wog day celebration everyone was off for the rest of the day. There was a big bar-b-queue on the flight deck. And later that night we had cinema at sea. To some wog day may be dumb and a waste of time. I felt the same way at first. But once I became a trusty shellback I was able to torture the other slimy wogs in the years that followed.

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