Hamlet and the Human Psyche

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Shakespeare's Hamlet can be seen as an exploration of the human psyche in the consequences our actions have when acted on out of impulse and emotion rather than careful deliberation. Hamlet the character makes most of his decisions on the spot but has trouble deciding one way or another after thorough consideration. Many of the decisions he does make have implications that result in dire consequences for him and other characters in the play.

The character Hamlet's actions are driven by his emotion, but usually thinks rationally, before making decisions on how to act. Throughout the play, we see Hamlet faced with unimaginable stress and decisions to make but is able to think pragmatically and follow his conscience. He debates how he can do the right thing, yet avenge the terrors inflicted on his father. However, it is when Hamlet acts spontaneously that his decisions and actions seem reckless and negligent.

Many critics through the years have debated about Hamlet's emotions none more so than T. S. Eliot. In his essay, Hamlet and His Problems he argued that Shakespeare was unable to express the feelings Hamlet felt because Shakespeare himself did not understand them. Eliot believes Shakespeare did not use ‘objective correlative' which is a series of events or objects that rouse a specific emotion of a character. According to Eliot, the play is interpreted emotionally in different ways because Shakespeare did not know how to properly express the emotion of Hamlet. This however, neglects the fact that Hamlet acts mainly out of emotion and passion.

Hamlet's emotions throughout the play are often difficult to determine. During his soliloquies, the audience is somewhat informed of Hamlet's inner struggles and problems yet some of his actions seem rather contrasted to what he has been saying in his soliloquies. Hamlet is dominantly seen as being very melancholy since learning about his father's death, greatly troubled by the incestuous behaviour of his mother and enraged at the gall of his uncle.

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However, as the play progresses, Hamlet tells Horatio and the audience that he is feigning madness and this line between acting mad and being genuinely insane is somewhat indistinct. This makes it difficult for the audience to effectively decipher the true feelings of the protagonist as we are unsure of Hamlet's madness and the fact he tries to hide his true emotion through this supposed madness.

Eliot in his critical essay, Hamlet and hid Problems, believes Hamlet's madness is rather a "form of emotional relief" which Shakespeare "cannot express in art." Eliot believes the madness of Hamlet is not a way in which Hamlet is able investigate the truth to the murder of his father and the revenge on his uncle but because there is no other way Shakespeare can express the desired effect of Hamlet's emotion. Through his soliloquies we hear of his dilemmas and the way he feels, not knowing what is ahead of him. His emotions are expressed as the reader is taken into the protagonist's mind in the soliloquies and the audience hears of his indecision and uncertainty

HAMLET "Yet I, A dull and muddy-mettled rascal, peak,Like John-a-dreams, unpregnant of my cause,And can say nothing; no, not for a king, Upon whose property and most dear lifeA damnd defeat was made. Am I a coward?"

This is part of Hamlet's second soliloquy and he makes mention of his inability to act on his father's wishes. He is "unpregnant of his cause," that is, unable to act quickly on his call. He later likens himself to a coward. This is all because Hamlet as a character can not be sure of the ghost's intentions and realises this as he goes through it in his mind.

In contrast to this, Hamlet is unable to altogether think logically when faced by the antagonist. Instead, his thoughts and actions are hasty and irrational. Here, Hamlet finds another reason to prolong his action, as he does not want to kill his uncle when his soul is cleanHAMLET And now Ill dot. And so he goes to heaven;And so am I revenged. That would be scanndA villain kills my father; and for that,I, his sole son, do this same villain sendTo heaven.

Hamlet has surpassed the idea simply having to know the facts of the murder that took place, but now feels the need to know the metaphysical details too before he acts. This can be seen as Hamlet not really wanting to go through with the murder as it is against his better judgement yet feels he is obliged to act on his father's demand of wergild.

In the very next scene, however, we see Hamlet act differently to what the audience has seen him say and think by killing in hot-blood who he thinks to be the king. Here, he makes his decision in the heat of the moment without investigating or thinking what he is doing

HAMLET How now? A rat? Dead for a ducat, dead!…

Nay I know not. Is it the king?

Here, Hamlet makes a pivotal decision in the play. He believes that the person behind the arras is the king and acts immediately by killing Polonius. This is one of the first decisions Hamlet makes; one which has consequences that affect many of the characters in the play. The decision to kill whoever was behind the arras had no logical reasoning behind it. As a result of this Hamlet is pursued by the king, a friend of Polonius' and Laertes, his son.

This spontaneous decision brings about the chain of events that ultimately brings about the restoration of peace and order in the state of Denmark. The sudden death of Polonius provides a means for Claudius to get rid of Hamlet, through the battle between Laertes and Hamlet. Claudius tells Laertes about Hamlet's actions and pushes for a battle in which Laertes will be able to exact revenge for the killing of his father. The battle ends with not only Hamlet but Laertes, Claudius and Gertrude dead. Before dying, however, Hamlet passes on the kingship of the country to young Fortinbras, which means the country is reestablished without the corruption and immorality of the previous rulers.

HAMLET But I do prophesy the election lights On Fortinbras he has my dying voice; So tell him, with th'occurrents, more and less, Which have solicited. The rest is silence.

Hamlet knowing he is dying realises that Fortinbras is the one who will bring prosperity and morality back to the Danish people. Finally all corruption and debauchery have been eliminated from the Danish crown.

The only other major instance where Hamlet acted on impulse and emotion was near the beginning of the play where Hamlet first meets the ghost. We have the ghost appearing clad in full armour in the middle of the night. He is seen as a very foreboding figure and does not talk to anyone for the first three nights. On the fourth, Hamlet this time joining the group, is beckoned away by the ghost, and Hamlet obliges. As Horatio, the scholar points out this is potentially very dangerous situation

HORATIO What if it tempt you toward the flood, my lord,

Or to the dreadful summit of the cliff

That beetles o'er his base into the sea,

And there assume some other, horrible form,

Which might deprive your sovereignty of reason

And draw you into madness?

Horatio verifies the existence of a ghost, as he is an intelligent being. This also means that advice given is valid. Hamlet puts himself in grave jeopardy by following the ghost not knowing where it is from, whether it is his father or an equivocal demon from hell. His emotions of yearning for his father take over and Hamlet feels drawn to know what the ghost has to say.

Hamlet never knows for certain the truth about his father's death and only late in the play do the audience hear a confession for the regicidal murder. Nevertheless Hamlet follows the ghosts demand for wergild, exacting revenge on his father's killer.

Hamlet's emotion and motives have been questioned by many especially in the last century. T.S. Eliot believes Hamlet's is an "artistic failure" and his emotions were unable to be expressed, as Shakespeare himself did not completely understand them. However, it is through Hamlet's emotions that he is able to act, although, his actions often leave much to be desired.

Hamlet's true emotions are often difficult to interpret as he often tries to hide his genuine feelings especially through his supposedly fictitious madness. However, at times it is clear to see Hamlet as a young man who is troubled by recent events and his conscience. Through Shakespeare's use of soliloquies, the audience usually gets a clear insight into the psyche of Hamlet, but on some occasions, these sagacious thoughts are overcome by emotion and calenture. These emotional and impulsive decisions often result in dire consequences for all involved, and the ultimate price is paid by Hamlet and his corrupted family.

Please note that this sample paper on Hamlet and the Human Psyche is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Hamlet and the Human Psyche, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom research papers on Hamlet and the Human Psyche will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

Order your authentic assignment and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!

Hamlet and the Human Condition

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Shakespeare's Hamlet can be seen as an exploration of the human psyche and the human condition in the consequences our actions have when acted on out of impulse and emotion rather than careful deliberation. Hamlet the character makes most of his decisions on the spot but has trouble deciding one way or another after thorough consideration. Many of the decisions he does make have implications that result in dire consequences for him and other characters in the play.

The character Hamlet's actions are driven by his emotion, but usually thinks rationally, before making decisions on how to act. Throughout the play, we see Hamlet faced with unimaginable stress and decisions to make but is able to think pragmatically and follow his conscience. He debates how he can do the right thing, yet avenge the terrors inflicted on his father. However, it is when Hamlet acts spontaneously that his decisions and actions seem reckless and negligent.

Many critics through the years have debated about Hamlet's emotions none more so than T. S. Eliot. In his essay, Hamlet and His Problems he argued that Shakespeare was unable to express the feelings Hamlet felt because Shakespeare himself did not understand them. Eliot believes Shakespeare did not use ‘objective correlative' which is a series of events or objects that rouse a specific emotion of a character. According to Eliot, the play is interpreted emotionally in different ways because Shakespeare did not know how to properly express the emotion of Hamlet. This however, neglects the fact that Hamlet acts mainly out of emotion and passion.

Cheap University Papers on Hamlet and the Human Condition

Hamlet's emotions throughout the play are often difficult to determine. During his soliloquies, the audience is somewhat informed of Hamlet's inner struggles and problems yet some of his actions seem rather contrasted to what he has been saying in his soliloquies. Hamlet is dominantly seen as being very melancholy since learning about his father's death, greatly troubled by the incestuous behaviour of his mother and enraged at the gall of his uncle. However, as the play progresses, Hamlet tells Horatio and the audience that he is feigning madness and this line between acting mad and being genuinely insane is somewhat indistinct. This makes it difficult for the audience to effectively decipher the true feelings of the protagonist as we are unsure of Hamlet's madness and the fact he tries to hide his true emotion through this supposed madness.

Eliot in his critical essay, Hamlet and hid Problems, believes Hamlet's madness is rather a "form of emotional relief" which Shakespeare "cannot express in art." Eliot believes the madness of Hamlet is not a way in which Hamlet is able investigate the truth to the murder of his father and the revenge on his uncle but because there is no other way Shakespeare can express the desired effect of Hamlet's emotion. Through his soliloquies we hear of his dilemmas and the way he feels, not knowing what is ahead of him. His emotions are expressed as the reader is taken into the protagonist's mind in the soliloquies and the audience hears of his indecision and uncertainty

HAMLET "Yet I, A dull and muddy-mettled rascal, peak,Like John-a-dreams, unpregnant of my cause,And can say nothing; no, not for a king, Upon whose property and most dear lifeA damnd defeat was made. Am I a coward?"

This is part of Hamlet's second soliloquy and he makes mention of his inability to act on his father's wishes. He is "unpregnant of his cause," that is, unable to act quickly on his call. He later likens himself to a coward. This is all because Hamlet as a character can not be sure of the ghost's intentions and realises this as he goes through it in his mind.

In contrast to this, Hamlet is unable to altogether think logically when faced by the antagonist. Instead, his thoughts and actions are hasty and irrational. Here, Hamlet finds another reason to prolong his action, as he does not want to kill his uncle when his soul is cleanHAMLET And now Ill dot. And so he goes to heaven;And so am I revenged. That would be scanndA villain kills my father; and for that,I, his sole son, do this same villain sendTo heaven.

Hamlet has surpassed the idea simply having to know the facts of the murder that took place, but now feels the need to know the metaphysical details too before he acts. This can be seen as Hamlet not really wanting to go through with the murder as it is against his better judgement yet feels he is obliged to act on his father's demand of wergild.

In the very next scene, however, we see Hamlet act differently to what the audience has seen him say and think by killing in hot-blood who he thinks to be the king. Here, he makes his decision in the heat of the moment without investigating or thinking what he is doing

HAMLET How now? A rat? Dead for a ducat, dead!…

Nay I know not. Is it the king?

Here, Hamlet makes a pivotal decision in the play. He believes that the person behind the arras is the king and acts immediately by killing Polonius. This is one of the first decisions Hamlet makes; one which has consequences that affect many of the characters in the play. The decision to kill whoever was behind the arras had no logical reasoning behind it. As a result of this Hamlet is pursued by the king, a friend of Polonius' and Laertes, his son.

This spontaneous decision brings about the chain of events that ultimately brings about the restoration of peace and order in the state of Denmark. The sudden death of Polonius provides a means for Claudius to get rid of Hamlet, through the battle between Laertes and Hamlet. Claudius tells Laertes about Hamlet's actions and pushes for a battle in which Laertes will be able to exact revenge for the killing of his father. The battle ends with not only Hamlet but Laertes, Claudius and Gertrude dead. Before dying, however, Hamlet passes on the kingship of the country to young Fortinbras, which means the country is reestablished without the corruption and immorality of the previous rulers.

HAMLET But I do prophesy the election lights On Fortinbras he has my dying voice; So tell him, with th'occurrents, more and less, Which have solicited. The rest is silence.

Hamlet knowing he is dying realises that Fortinbras is the one who will bring prosperity and morality back to the Danish people. Finally all corruption and debauchery have been eliminated from the Danish crown.

The only other major instance where Hamlet acted on impulse and emotion was near the beginning of the play where Hamlet first meets the ghost. We have the ghost appearing clad in full armour in the middle of the night. He is seen as a very foreboding figure and does not talk to anyone for the first three nights. On the fourth, Hamlet this time joining the group, is beckoned away by the ghost, and Hamlet obliges. As Horatio, the scholar points out this is potentially very dangerous situation

HORATIO What if it tempt you toward the flood, my lord,

Or to the dreadful summit of the cliff

That beetles o'er his base into the sea,

And there assume some other, horrible form,

Which might deprive your sovereignty of reason

And draw you into madness?

Horatio verifies the existence of a ghost, as he is an intelligent being. This also means that advice given is valid. Hamlet puts himself in grave jeopardy by following the ghost not knowing where it is from, whether it is his father or an equivocal demon from hell. His emotions of yearning for his father take over and Hamlet feels drawn to know what the ghost has to say.

Hamlet never knows for certain the truth about his father's death and only late in the play do the audience hear a confession for the regicidal murder. Nevertheless Hamlet follows the ghosts demand for wergild, exacting revenge on his father's killer.

Hamlet's emotion and motives have been questioned by many especially in the last century. T.S. Eliot believes Hamlet's is an "artistic failure" and his emotions were unable to be expressed, as Shakespeare himself did not completely understand them. However, it is through Hamlet's emotions that he is able to act, although, his actions often leave much to be desired.

Hamlet's true emotions are often difficult to interpret as he often tries to hide his genuine feelings especially through his supposedly fictitious madness. However, at times it is clear to see Hamlet as a young man who is troubled by recent events and his conscience. Through Shakespeare's use of soliloquies, the audience usually gets a clear insight into the psyche of Hamlet, but on some occasions, these sagacious thoughts are overcome by emotion and calenture. These emotional and impulsive decisions often result in dire consequences for all involved, and the ultimate price is paid by Hamlet and his corrupted family.

Please note that this sample paper on Hamlet and the Human Condition is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Hamlet and the Human Condition, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom research papers on Hamlet and the Human Condition will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

Order your authentic assignment and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!

Early Greek Algebra

If you order your essay from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on Early Greek Algebra. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality Early Greek Algebra paper right on time.

Out staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in Early Greek Algebra, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your Early Greek Algebra paper at affordable prices with custom writing service/a>! Overview The word algebra came from an Arabic _expression, al-jabr wa'l muqabala, which was the title of the first Arabic text on algebra. Al-Khwarizmi wrote the book in the ninth century A.D. According to Al-Khwarizmi, algebra was " the art of reducing and solving equations" (van der Waerden 70). From the very beginning of its introduction, algebra was influenced by geometry. For example, the Babylonians view unknown quantities as lengths and widths and their products as areas. The product of two same numbers was called square. Greek algebra was greatly influenced by the Babylonians because Pythagoras brought it from there. The Pythagoreans studied Babylonian's algebra and used the Babylonian's method for solving equations in Greek algebra. Euclid recorded Pythagorean's findings. Euclid's solutions to problems were similar to Babylonian's solution to similar problems. Euclid rewrote Babylonian's problems so that the problems do not include fractions or irrational numbers. Plato and Euclid did not use fractions or irrational numbers, only Eratosthenes, Diophantus, and Archimedies. There is evidence that the Pythagoreans discovered irrational numbers, but since they did not believe them, they pretended that they did not discover it. Greek algebra was an integration of geometry and algebra; it was referred to as geometric algebra. Early Greek algebra of the Pythagoreans and Euclid, Archimedes, and Apollonius was geometric because the Greeks had difficulties with irrational and even fractional numbers. Geometric algebra consists of "line segments, areas, and volumes [which] are strictly kept apart" (van der Waerden 74). The problems and solution in Greek geometric algebra was written in the rhetorical style, where every word is written out. In geometric algebra, the "fundamental relation between line segments or between areas is equality" (van der Waerden 76). There are three fundamental operations in this algebra the sum of two line segments, the sum of two polygons, and the product of two line segments.

Custom Essays on Early Greek Algebra

The first operation The sum of two line segments a and b is a line segment c, which can be divided into two parts a' and b' that are equal to a and b respectively. Modern notation a + b = c

The second operation The sum of two polygons A and B is a polygon C, which can be divided into two parts A' and B' that are equal to A and B.Modern notation A + B = C

The third operation The product of two line segments a and b is a rectangle R contained by two line segments a' and b' that are equal to a and b.Modern notation a x b = R

When finding the product of line segments of a and b, the line segments are not always perpendicular so they need to be replaced with line segments a' and b,' which is perpendicular and forms a rectangle. The rectangle is "an object of algebraic operations" (van der Waerden 77). Geometric Algebra Geometrical algebra is the area of mathematics that deals with geometric concepts and proofs in algebraic applications. Although Asia, Mesopotamia, and Egypt had the ideas of geometrical algebra, classical Greek mathematicians are normally credited with its development. The Greeks used this geometric algebra because they used a rhetorical style, which limited their ability to work out algebraic problems step by step. They would apply algebraic problems to geometric shapesthis technique also avoided the explanations of irrational numbers. The Greeks knew that the irrational numbers worked, but they did not believe in their existence. Therefore this method of geometric algebra was developed. When we geometrically solve a quadratic equation, we are doing geometrical algebra. Greeks did algebra on a geometric basis. 1For example Ö 1 The Greeks never solved algebraic equations in our symbolic style. They would work out several physical examples using geometry. With trial and error, the Greeks were able to show that their answers worked. The Greek period of Algebraic history runs up till the Romans conquered them around 400 ce.

Diophantus of Alexandria (Syncopated Style) Diophantus is a famous Greek mathematician, well known for his work in algebra. For several centuries, rhetorical algebra was the only algebra until Diophantus of Alexander pioneered syncopated algebra. He decided that rhetorical style was clumsy, so he started making abbreviations; and it was useful with powers up to the sixth and their reciprocals. Most people say it is not a whole lot better than the rhetorical style, but it gives a different perspective. Diophantus wrote a book called Arithmetica that tremendously influenced the number theory and algebra. The word arithmetic comes from the Greek word arithmetike, which is composed of the Greek word for number (arithmos) and for science (techne). The notation in Arithmetica helped move algebraic notation from rhetorical to syncopated, as well as influencing the evolution of some individual symbols. In Arithmetica "he gives an ingenious treatment of indeterminate equations usually two or more equations in several variables that have an infinite number of rational solutions" (NCTM, 40). His method is clever, however it lacks the development of a systematic method for finding general solutions. An example of Diophantus' syncopated algebra

or x + 8 x (5 x + 4) = 44 This is the syncopated style of writing equations. Syncopated style is where everything is abbreviated.

Rhetorical Algebra (Style) Rhetorical algebra can be traced back to both early Babylonian and Egyptian. This stage of algebra refers to the stage with when everything was written in words without the use of mathematical symbols. This type of algebra is also said to be a verbal or oral algebra since they wrote out everything they said. This was also known as prose algebra because of the written words. Since the people of this period were limited to writing material and their ability to write, most obtainable material were clay tablets. With the clay tablets they simply wrote out exactly what they said. One of the earliest books written in rhetorical or prose algebra included the following problem "ten and thing to be multiplied by thing less ten." If they had symbols as the symbols today the problem would be written as (x + 10) (x - 10) = x[sup]-100. Since, it is cumbersome to write out each step in words, rhetorical algebra ended as symbolic algebra evolved. Rhetorical algebra lasted until the 16th century when symbolic algebra became more renown. Difficulties are usually encountered in reading the problem in rhetorical algebra because of the non-existence of a standardized, efficient symbol. The rhetorical style used by the Greeks consisted of five simple steps state the problem give the data give the answer explain the solution check the answer

An Example 1. state the problemLength, width. I have multiplied length and width, thus obtaining area 5. I have added length and width . Required; length and width. . Give the data[Given] the sum; x+y = k5 the area. xy = P . Give the answer18 length, 14 width 4 Explain the solutionOne follows this methodTake half of [this gives 16] k/ 16x16= 56 (k/) 56-5= 4 (k/)-P= t The square root of 4 is (k/)-P= t 16+ =18 length (k/)+t = x 16- =14 width (k/)-t = y 5. check the answerMultiply 18 length by 14 width (k/ + t)(k/ t) 18x14= 5 area k/4-t= P = xy

Please note that this sample paper on Early Greek Algebra is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Early Greek Algebra, we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on Early Greek Algebra will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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Se7en (Fictitious interview with David Fincher discussing conventions of the film)

If you order your custom term paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on Se7en (Fictitious interview with David Fincher discussing conventions of the film). What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality Se7en (Fictitious interview with David Fincher discussing conventions of the film) paper right on time.

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A Talk With David FincherGood morning DavidMorning Your latest work Se7eN has had mixed reviews at the box office. How do you answer to critics who say that the film is nothing more than a shower of insolence that incites violence?

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?Bad reviews have never phased me. Se7eN does contain controversial obtrusive material that is aimed to provoke reaction. There is something slightly off about everything. It?s like a beat that you don?t? dwell upon? but, when you make a collection of them it adds to something, as a total is disturbing because your never sure what is coming next or if it?s significant, or if it?s insignificant because throughout the film the clues and the search for the killer is intertwined with normal, common, everyday things. They?re laced with red herrings if you like. I feel that this is an important aspect of the genre as it?s main purpose is to entertain. I mean if you just pointed out the essentials, then that would give the game away. But if you lace the whole environment, the whole microcosm of the movie with these off beat red herrings, then your not sure where the next revelation is going to come from, and how that revelation will impact upon the plot.?Yes, you made that all so clear. As you mentioned, the content of Se7eN is highly violent and controversial which has confused many critics on the genre of the film with some categorising it as a crime fiction whilst others labelling it a horror flick. What category would you place the film in??Crime fiction. It is definitely a crime fiction film. I guess one could argue that it contains aspects of the horror genre and I did want it to be scary, but it definitely does not conform to the genre as a whole. I mean if we look at it in its entirety, we have two urban detectives investigating a trail of bloody and horrible murders trying to catch a dangerous, cunning villain who in the end lays the plot out for the viewer like an Agatha Christie novel; well sort of.?You feel that Se7eN is a crime fiction film. Is there any particular section of this genre that the film conforms too??In making Se7eN we were attempting to make a modern film noir. We actually went as far as getting Darius Condre (who formally worked on French perfume commercials with David) to do the cinematography? (with laughs) to get that whole French touch. Oh, and he was great too. I can remember on the gluttony scene we were having all sorts of trouble to get the lighting correct, so he suggested letting Brad (Pitt) and Morgan (Freeman) do all the lighting with their flashlights and pieces of reflective cardboard. It worked great, with half of their faces in light and half in darkness- it added a real ominous feel to the scene. You know something is brooding around the corner waiting to pounce upon the unsuspecting detectives? I love that sort of thing.?Are there any other aspects of Noir present in the film??Yeh, heaps. We wanted to make a colour film that was really a black and white feature. We actually did lower scale enhancement (resilvering) to make it look and feel as dark as possible. I just kept on thinking black; I want this thing black- kind of like the ambience present in Malice. We also tried to make the sets feel like they were straight out of a 140 film noir. Take the police station for example. Now we all know what police stations look like in classic film noirs and I did a lot of research into the history of New York City?s police stations. Anyway, we scouted for the location of the police station for what seemed like decades when we finally encountered the Pacific Gas and Electric Building in downtown L.A. We just looked at it and said this is it. It had very low ceilings with these wonderful drop fluorescent fixtures that gave us this fantastically pale light to work with. The building also looked out over sixth street which had a very New York feel to it and the whole place had a very wonderful patina of age and use which was just what we were looking for. All we had to do was make it police like and that involved putting up rooms, partitions- the old wooden glass partitions of the noir aesthetic- and jumbling the place up with old and new desks in our usual manner. It really did look as though Phillip Marlow actually worked there. It was great. Also, within the settings, I wanted to provide an image of a dark and certain world, a world that reflects the morale and social decay of society. To reflect this within the police station we shrewd paper work everywhere to make it seem that the police just weren?t coping with the crime rate. This feel of morale and social decay that is presented many times throughout the film hints to the viewer that they are not in for a happy ending, even if the villain is caught and brought to justice, next week there will be another one, and he will also be followed by another and so on. It?s awful I know, but I love it.?You?re a bad man David. What conventions of the genre did you attempt to push in the film??The detectives. We really tried to push the separate personalities of the two detectives Somerset (Freeman) and Mills (Pitt). I can remember, from the outset, that I really wanted these two personalities to clash; we didn?t want to place the film in that clichd ?buddy cop? sub genre typified by the Lethal Weapon series. We wanted two very different detectives to give two different perspectives on the murders. Somerset, a detective on the verge of retirement, follows the Sherlock Holmes sleuth hero path. He would rather place all the clues into position before making his move on the suspect. On the other hand we have the wisecracking detective Mills, a new recruit that follows the Phillip Marlow, hard-boiled hero path. I mean this guy just wants to get out on the street and start busting down doors in hope of finding the killer. He is pretty much the antithesis of Somerset- in his crime solving procedure at least. I love the way these two characters clash- it really adds a sort of tension to the film not to mention the two great views we get of the murders and the world around. It also makes for some great dialogue. Take this for exampleWilliam Somerset ?This guys methodical, exacting, and worst of all, patient.?David Mills ?Hes a nut-bag! Just because the fuckers got a library card doesnt make him Yoda!?(laughs) I love it, I really do. This feeling that conflict is even present in the police station, a place where it is supposed to be halted, really reinforces the decay of the society around them.Oh, and while we?re on conventions, I also wanted to reinforce the personal danger that became these detectives. I wanted the audience to always have the feeling that death could come to these detectives at any time; I feel it just really adds excitement to the film. This personal danger is personified in the chase scene. This scene is actually the first time the dicks encounter John Doe (the killer). I can remember that I wanted this scene to look chaotic and have kind of a rough cut to it, sort of documentary styled. (Laughs) I can remember Richard (Francis Bruce/Editor) having a dreadful time trying to work out how to cut this sequence. I just kept telling him I want it rough looking, keep it rough. Poor fellow, all he had to work with were these tacky looking handheld camera images mixed in with some very beautiful profiles of Brad and the not yet faced John Doe (Kevin Spacey). He did a great job though, he got just what I was after. I can remember at the start of the scene he did a double cut of Brad and Morgan ducking two bullets fired by John Doe; it really typified the danger of the situation, he has an amazing eye for these sort of things. He put these marvellous snippet cuts of Mills running in one direction, then cutting quickly to Doe running in the other. It made it feel as though Mills was going to meet Doe and get shot. Richard also used a lot of our jerky point of views which, if the viewer is quick, can just see the killer either ducking behind a corner or lining Mills up in the sight of his pistol. All this with Ren?s (Ren Clise/Sound Designer) climatical musical accompaniment of a romantic brass and string section, really heightens tension. We were really aiming to give at least one person per cinema a heart attack.?Well seeing that you just confessed to attempted murder, I think we?ll leave it there. Thanks for your time David.?It?s been a pleasure.?

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Mass transit and highways of NYC

If you order your cheap custom paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on Mass transit and highways of NYC. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality Mass transit and highways of NYC paper right on time.

Out staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in Mass transit and highways of NYC, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your Mass transit and highways of NYC paper at affordable prices with cheap custom writing service! New York City is considered the capital of the world. It is home to members of every ethnic origin, age, creed, and lifestyle. The buildings comprise a vast majority of architectural styles. The museums house artwork and artifacts from all the four corners of the globe. It is the Mecca of the millennium. One must wonder how did this place evolve from rustic tracts of land and mud streets to super highways outlining block after block of buildings. One man can be held responsible for the modern composition of the five boroughs and much of New York State for that matter. That man's name evokes terror and admiration in men to this day. His name was Robert Moses. His life and his work are the subject of the Pulitzer Prize winning novel by Robert A. Caro, The Power Broker Robert Moses and the Fall of New York. Caro explicitly expresses his recognition and moral repugnance for Moses' public and political projects. His viewpoint is succinctly stated in this title. The first and more pronounced point ‘The power broker' implicates Robert Moses as a good deal more than another urban planner. Moses is given the title of a Wall Street man, suave and calculating. The phrase portrays the persuasive and political nature of Moses' physical achievements and dynamic deals. The former half of the book focuses on how Moses mutated from an idealist to a myopic mastermind of manipulation. The steady upward climb of the stratified ladder to success, the struggles he encountered and the lessons he never forgot, indeed impacted New York just as much as Central Park and the West Side highway. The structures he created and destroyed coupled with the tactics he used to deploy them were manifestations of his formal education and his ‘baptism by fire' into the public service system. Educated at Yale, followed by Oxford Moses maintained a conservative elitist view of civil service. Although he demanded complete reform in his acclaimed thesis, he also proposed that only educated gentlemen be employed in the public arena and judged solely on the basis of merit. His career was off to a jumpstart at the training school for public service. A result of the reform movement taking the foreground of New York politics against the oppressive Tammany Hall, was the creation of the Bureau of Municipal Research. The chief aim was to reform the civil service and create a pure form of public service. Moses was recognized as "the man who understood civil service the best." At a time when there were relatively few experts on the subject he was the top of his field and fresh out of graduate school. His work enabled him to have a firsthand knowledge of political inefficiency, corruption, and legal loopholes. His effort to reform the civil service rating system and simplify the job market was met with strong silent opposition by the patronage favoring fat cat politicians of Tammany. These men taught him how to bury a public endeavor. They also taught him the inescapable necessity of powerful political support to accomplish goals of any size. "Power built highways and civil service systems. Power was what dreams needed, not power in the hands of the dreamer himself necessarily but power put behind the dreamer's dream by the man who had it to put there, power that he termed ‘executive support'."

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This realization took the precedence of Moses' noble idealism. No longer were truth, beauty, goodness and logic the omniscient gods of his sphere. Power became the absolute deity that he would need to worship in order to achieve his ambitious aspirations. The stages of Robert Moses the man coincide with the degrees of his political involvement. In college while he thought about public service, he was a dreamer of the highest rank. At the Bureau in the city he was a frustrated dreamer, the most dangerous kind. In Albany, working under the Governor's he compromised idealism for results and worked with the very men he had denounced as competent politicians. He learned the art of graft and lies of omission. There he harnessed the power of men like Al Smith to implement the policies he advocated and in a timely fashion. The gradual progression from dreamer to puppeteer would be complete upon his appointment as ‘City Construction Coordinator'. The power was now in the hands of the dreamer and not merely in his sight. The establishment of Title 1 in the post-war era gave the federal government a role equal to city hall's in the new conception of urban renewal. The demand for reformatting of the ever-expanding metropolis coupled with O'Dwyer's okay for Moses to draft his own powers created a center of control over New York City untouchable by any institution. The man who had once been dubbed the ‘best bill drafter in Albany' used his talents to slip in a clause,which would alter the face of public service powers for decades to come. ". . . ‘represent the city in its relations with cooperating state and federal agencies.' Moses used this phrase, so innocent in appearance, as authorization to deal, thereby making certain that it would be he and he alone who was presenting the city's position-or his representation of the position-to federal and state officials,. . . to be in other words the sole broker between the city and the governments on which the city was relying for desperately needed funds." Essentially Moses became the representative of the city for the federal government and the representative of the federal government for the city. This enabled him to twist facts and omit words in order to convey the response he desired for his proposed projects. Projects such as the major expressways of New York City running traffic to the suburbs and through the metropolitan area called for the eviction of a substantial portion of borough voters. Regardless of opposition from O'Dwyer and other members of The Board of Estimate, Moses created the Cross Bronx Expressway and left a void where there had once been neighborhoods of family businesses and corner culture. This was the single most debilitating act committed against the residents of the underclass residents of New York City by an official they had never elected. Conversely, this expressway enabled traffic to flow more smoothly and created simplicity between suburbs and the urban center. In utilitarian terms, the suffering of these ‘minority' group were a small price to pay for the long-term benefit to the transportation network of the future. The paralyzing nature of evicting residents from their homes during an apartment shortage created short-term devastation. The latter half of the title, ‘the fall of New York' applies to the detrimental impact of Moses' public service projects, which actually dislocated and discomforted a significant number of the public he claimed to serve. The term ‘fall' can be interpreted as literal or figurative dependent upon the reader's opinion of Robert Moses. The literal interpretation would be taken to mean the urban disintegration of a city's culture and charm. Caro clearly views Moses' creations of highways and his actions through Title 1 as lethal to the people and the city. The fall could be considered a fall from greatness to a cold, heartless, collaboration of power and politics which is the current image of Manhattan. However I consider the word fall to have two implications. The first being the concept of rock bottom, Moses facilitated the 170's decline of the city. It is not possible to truly achieve superiority and greatness prior to falling down a vast dark hole. Moses was familiar with this concept. He did not begin to rise in the political sphere until after he was publicly humiliated and stripped of employment by Tammany Hall. He quickly learned the lesson of if you can't beat ‘em join ‘em. The second interpretation would be to define the word fall in figurative terms applicable to the season. Autumn is associated with decay, glorious change that spurs a time of drab darkness we know as winter. However this decay is a sort of cleansing process which is necessary to bring the fruitful rewards of spring. This is how I interpret Moses' action and the title of the book. An eruption of firy colors, as apartment complexes were blasted to burn the old and usher in the new. Public Parks, beaches, mass-transit, and the highway system are all innovations we have to thank Robert Moses for. These innovations have a lasting effect on men and women today and for generations to come. Eventually these systems will be diseased and decrepit and they too will go through a process of resurrection and renewal. That is the simple cycle faced by every living organism on this planet, which includes the urban organism.

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Magazine front covers

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Evaluative ReportThe aims of my production piece were to create a magazine front cover and contents page to suit a specific genre, which was teen girls, using the layout, mise en scene and design to attract my target audience. The purpose of the production piece was to improve the quality of the pre-production piece and take it a step further towards completion.My front cover uses bright but calming blue to symbolise tranquillity but then uses a very bright purple to catch the eyes of the readers. The colour of my front cover is one of the improvements that I have made from the pre-production piece. The pre-production was in black and white but to make the production more attractive and interesting to the customer I decided to add in bold colours. The font is a relaxing yet sophisticated type, which will reflex the character of my target reader. It has the price in the corner of the magazine that, from my research, my target audience is willing to pay. The title of my magazine is Chic, which symbolises sophistication, class, and style. The font is deep blue which symbolises richness and quality. I have used alternating colours on the captions and the rule of three to attract the reader's focus onto my product. The biggest caption I have used is ‘Exclusive' which will stand out and be the unique selling point of my magazine. I have also used emotive language ‘Her feeling on hurt and betrayal' and alliterations ‘sexiest, most stylish, summer'. The model on the front is very stylish and sexy looking. She is looking at he camera to show she is confidant and determined which is very in keeping with the zeitgeist of the time and reflects the attitude of my target reader. She is wearing combat clothes, which is the fashion of the time, and she has her hand on her hip, which shows attitude.My contents page also uses cool, soothing colours for the background. The font is deep blue and white which are crisp and fresh. The colour of the production piece is also one of the improvements I have made. This improvement will attract the readers and persuade them to buy the magazine. I have used alternating colours when describing the story and the page number so that the appearance of the page doesn't get too plain. I have explained what is on the front cover and also the best bits of the magazine, giving a wide range of articles to attract a wider audience. I have used a lot of pictures on the contents page to show all the different features of the magazine. One picture shows the fashion in the magazine and a model has a stylish dress on and looks very elegant which is very persuasive because it says that you can look like the model if you buy the magazine. Another of the pictures shows a model in an exotic destination with a bikini on. This ties in with the front cover, which shows the date on it as ‘May 00' making it a summer magazine. The final picture is of three models showing their different hairstyles, all new looks for the summer to ‘stay cool and collectable'.

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The typical codes and conventions used for my chosen genre, which is teenage girls, would be contrasting, eye catching colours. The design and layout would be fun and exciting, it would have to have enough pictures to keep the readers focus. The models would be attractive and yet not intimidating, the reader would have to feel that they could relate in someway to the model and not that they are an unrealistic representation of young people. The articles advertised would have to relate to the readers life and the feelings and experiences they have lived through.All these techniques are used in the code and conventions of my specific genre, teen girls, to attract the greatest possible audience.I think that my magazine would do well in comparison to all the other magazines because it is a reasonably cheap price and I have created a name that people could easily remember. I have used soft soothing colours and sophisticated font, attractive models and interesting captions. I also used persuasive language and unique selling points. In my research I used a variety of methods. I used the Internet to research previous magazines to build up the typical codes and conventions used in my chosen genre. I used questionnaires to establish such things as the price people are willing to spend, what initially attracts them to the magazine, and how often the buy it to see whether to make a weekly or monthly magazine. I then used a focus group, which is a specific group of my targeted audience to find out which of my designs and layouts would they find most appealing and attractive. I decoded existing magazines and established the common conventions used to get an idea of the things I should be including in my own magazine.To produce my magazine I used pictures I found in other magazines, cut them out and scanned them into my computer. I then put them into Photoshop and linked them together, created titles, captions, colours, and touched up the pictures so they looked professional. I then printed them off on a colour printer to get the best look. The most problems I had related to the scanner. I found it very hard to line the pictures up perfectly and blend them together so they didn't look just stuck on and unrealistic. Getting the correct resolution for the pictures was also very hard to do. This has resulted in the images I used not being as blended as I would have liked them to be. The text on the contents page is a bit faint so maybe I could have made that a stronger colour. Also the model on the front cover could have stood out more by being a bit bigger.Although I think my magazine has met my aims in targeting teen girls, I am aware that by using the images I chose such as tall, slim, fashionably attractive female models I am risking alienating a proportion of my audience who, rather than aspiring to this ‘ideal' may feel intimidated. This might affect the sales of my magazine if the models and topics are not relating to the wider audience. However using the images might attract people who wish to live the lifestyle my magazine portrays.

Another possible criticism is that it could also alienate black teens, as there are only white females on the front cover. Although the articles would appeal to readers from many different cultures this is not reflected in the choice of images and therefore this could adversely affect sales.

Overall I am satisfied with my production piece and feel that with a few minor changes it would be a successful magazine in a competitive market.

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Ethics And Distance Learning

If you order your custom term paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on Ethics And Distance Learning. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality Ethics And Distance Learning paper right on time.

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IntroductionThe impact of technology on teaching in both the traditional classroom, as well as distance learning is huge. Distance education in the form of online or web-based has emerged as a core educational strategy. The Internet and other networking technologies have given us, the students, different avenues through which a formal education can be obtained. Most higher education institutions have found the online classroom to be cost effective, wide reaching, as well as a technologically worthwhile program. They have recognized the ability to be able to reach vast student populations, who for whatever reason would not be able to attend otherwise.

Today, students participate in these distance learning education programs for a variety of reasons, the most common being, convenience, flexibility, and autonomous learning. All of this is a draw for many students who work full time, manage families, social obligations, as well as professional commitments.

All individuals embarking on any educational journey are concerned with the ethical and social responsibilities, which surround these technologies and the virtual classroom. This technological revolution has impacted assessment, access to libraries, laboratories, classrooms and campuses. Discussions and collaborations with our fellow students are only a few buttons and commands away. There are obvious advantages as well as disadvantages to these distance-learning forums. It is up to the educators and those being educated to make sure we handle all changes ethically, as well as providing a quality educational experience to all.

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The Ethics Of Distance Learning Today

The ethical use of information technology in our distance-learning forum can be described as a form of psychological distance. When we attend class on campus, we are interacting with other individuals face to face daily. If we act in an unethical or inappropriate way, we are immediately made aware and visually see the results of such actions.

When we attend class through a distance-learning forum, we are now relying on and using information technology. Some individuals use this technology inappropriately and in a way that does harm to others. They don't recognize this because the act feels less personal due to the inability to see the face of the other individual or hear their voice (tones).

Traditionally, morals and values are learned at home and then reinforced in the educational system. Today we see this is no longer the norm. Morals and values are not being taught in some households and our educational system is now restricted in their role of teaching these social values. This causes the psychological distance of individuals in their interactions with others.Today's college student has been raised in an era of moral decline. They have been witness to public scandals and corruption by government officials, major corporations, as well as individual citizens. These events definitely affect their attitudes about ethical behavior and what is morally right. High school student embarking on their college career may not have a clear understanding of the collegiate issues of ethics. It seems as though some of these students are completely unaware of Internet ethics and how this forum can be abused and misused. There are so many breaches of ethics within this forum on a daily basis, such as harassment, defamation of character, and infringement of intellectual property rights, just to name a few. These breaches may be unintentional and often stem from the innocent ignorance to the policies that are in place to hinder these types of actions.How Distance Learning Ethics Could EvolveFirst, distance learning ethics could evolve by making sure that all participants have reviewed all guidelines and policies by the university, the internet service provider, other member networks that they connect to, as well as any other services or resources that they connect to or make use of, and have them sign a contract acknowledging the proper ethics that they should be engaged in.Second, the educational institution could also address the ethics of distance learning by setting a policy that provides a model for all students to follow, incorporate technology issues into the curriculum, and create a workable definition of the distance education forum and what is expected by each individual. Third, the educators would need to consistently review the policies and keep them current and ethical. As technology changes, so will policies, procedures, and ethical guidelines. The best way to do this would be to implement an assessment procedure. This would help in the implementation of the necessary changes as they arise. What I Recommend The Ethics Of Distance Learning Be In The FutureThere are basic day to day ethical practices that should be followed no matter what forum you are attending. These practices are honesty; respect for others; keeping your word; and being fair. The educators, as well as the students should utilize these ethical practices. These practices are the golden rules of distance learning, traditional classrooms, and life itself.I believe that the development of a guideline of the ethical practices expected within the educational forum is critical to its success. There is a definite need to review all higher learning institutional policies to make sure that they apply to the distance-learning forum, as well as to make sure they are ethical within that forum. It may become necessary to develop new policies for the distance education forum. In the developing of these policies, we must remember the diversity of our student population in the distance-learning forum. Higher learning institutions must constantly provide information to the students over and over again. They must make sure that all means of communication are identical for students attending class on campus or those who have chosen distance learning.Higher Learning institutions must continuously develop and improve the policies and the technology used in distance education. This can be achieved by working with the students to get feedback on what works and what doesn't work in this virtual environment. After all, the students are the experts.ConclusionWhen it comes to the impact of technology on teaching in both the traditional classroom setting and the distance learning setting, there are only a few possibilities for what lies ahead. There is always the possibility that traditional higher learning institutions may become extinct as the number of on campus students continues to decrease, while the number of distance learning student continues to increase.A second possibility is that the continuous evolution of the telecommunications and information technology revolution will have little impact on the traditional setting of the higher learning institutions. A third possibility is that all higher learning institutions will continue to exist, but in a completely different capacity.Whatever the future may hold for higher learning institutions, one thing is for sure, the Internet and distance learning forces us to deal with ethics on a more global educational scale. This new technology is continuously changing the way we educate our students and in turn creates ethical issues unique to that.

Please note that this sample paper on Ethics And Distance Learning is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Ethics And Distance Learning, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on Ethics And Distance Learning will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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